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Time Zones, Shift Working and Outsourcing through Communications Networks

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  • Matsuoka, Yuji
  • Fukushima, Marcelo

Abstract

We build a trade model with two countries located in different time zones, a monopolistically competitive sector in which production requires differentiated goods produced using day and night labor, and shift working disutility. Consumers choose between working at a day shift or a night shift and firms may choose to “virtually” outsource foreign day time labor by using communications services. We found that the higher the disutility of working at night is, the smaller is the number of varieties produced. Trade is beneficial only under certain concavity and cost conditions. The higher the disutility of working at night, the larger can be the gains from trade.

Suggested Citation

  • Matsuoka, Yuji & Fukushima, Marcelo, 2009. "Time Zones, Shift Working and Outsourcing through Communications Networks," MPRA Paper 13355, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:13355
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    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20946/1/MPRA_paper_20946.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Richard G. Harris, 1995. "Trade and Communication Costs," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 28(s1), pages 46-75, November.
    2. Ethier, Wilfred, 1979. "Internationally decreasing costs and world trade," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(1), pages 1-24, February.
    3. Dixit, Avinash K & Stiglitz, Joseph E, 1977. "Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 67(3), pages 297-308, June.
    4. Lanfranchi, Joseph & Ohlsson, Henry & Skalli, Ali, 2002. "Compensating wage differentials and shift work preferences," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 74(3), pages 393-398, February.
    5. Kostiuk, Peter F, 1990. "Compensating Differentials for Shift Work," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 98(5), pages 1054-1075, October.
    6. Fukushima, Marcelo & Kikuchi, Toru, 2008. "A Simple Model of Trade with Heterogeneous Firms and Trade Policy," MPRA Paper 9573, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Lanfranchi, Joseph & Ohlsson, Henry & Skalli, Ali, 2002. "Compensating wage differentials and shift work preferences," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 74(3), pages 393-398, February.
    8. Toru Kikuchi, 2009. "Time Zones as a Source of Comparative Advantage," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 17(5), pages 961-968, November.
    9. Marjit, Sugata, 2007. "Trade theory and the role of time zones," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 153-160.
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    Cited by:

    1. Toru Kikuchi & Sugata Marjit & Biswajit Mandal, 2013. "Trade with Time Zone Differences: Factor Market Implications," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 17(4), pages 699-711, November.
    2. Toru Kikuchi & Ngo Van Long, 2011. "Shift Working And Trade In Labour Services With Time Zone Differences," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 16(5), pages 553-564, December.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Communications networks; shift work; time zones; outsourcing;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
    • F1 - International Economics - - Trade

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