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Tanneries in Kanpur and pollution in the Ganges: A theoretical analysis

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  • Amitrajeet A. Batabyal

Abstract

We study pollution in the Ganges River caused by tanneries in the City of Kanpur in India. Two tanneries, A and B, are located on the same bank of the Ganges in Kanpur. Both produce leather, and the production of leather requires the use of chemicals that are toxic to humans. Tannery A is located upstream from tannery B. Tannery A's leather production directly depends only on labor use, while tannery B's leather production depends on labor use, the chemical waste generated by tannery A, and the natural pollution‐absorbing capacity of the Ganges. In this setting, we accomplish three tasks. First, we determine the equilibrium production of leather by both tanneries in the benchmark case in which there is no pollution. Second, we ascertain how the benchmark equilibrium is altered when tannery B accounts for the negative externality imposed on it by tannery A. Finally, we analyze what happens to leather production and to labor use when the two tanneries merge and discuss some policy implications stemming from our research. Este artículo estudió la contaminación del río Ganges causada por las curtidurías de la ciudad de Kanpur (India). Dos curtidurías, A y B, están situadas en la misma orilla del Ganges en Kanpur. Ambas producen cuero, y la producción de cuero requiere el uso de productos químicos que son tóxicos para el ser humano. La curtiduría A está situada aguas arriba de la curtiduría B. La producción de cuero de la curtiduría A tan solo depende directamente del uso de mano de obra, mientras que la producción de cuero de la curtiduría B depende del uso de mano de obra, de los residuos químicos generados por la curtiduría A y de la capacidad natural de absorción de contaminación del Ganges. En este contexto, se realizaron tres tareas. En primer lugar, se determinó el equilibrio de la producción de cuero entre ambas curtidurías en el caso de referencia en el que no hay contaminación. En segundo lugar, se determinó la alteración del equilibrio de referencia cuando la curtiduría B tiene en cuenta la externalidad negativa que le impone la curtiduría A. Por último, se analizó qué ocurre con la producción de cuero y con el uso de mano de obra cuando las dos curtidurías se fusionan y se discuten algunas implicaciones políticas derivadas de esta investigación. 本稿では、インドのカーンプル市の製革業者が引き起こすガンジス川の汚染について検討する。製革業者AとBは、カーンプル市のガンジス川の同じ川岸に立地する。どちらも革製品を生産するが、それには人体に有害な化学物質を使用する必要がある。製革業者AはBの上流に立地しており、Aの革製品生産は労働使用のみに直接的に左右されるのに対し、Bは労働使用、Aにより発生する化学系廃棄物、ガンジス川の自然汚染吸収能力に左右される。これを背景に、3つのタスクを実行する。始めに、汚染がないというベンチマークケースにおいて、AB両者の革製品の均衡生産量を求める。次に、BがAから受ける負の外部性を説明するとき、ベンチマーク均衡がどのように変化するかを確認する。最後に、AとBが合併した場合に革製品の生産と労働使用に何が起こるかを分析し、本研究から得られる政策的インプリケーションを考察する。

Suggested Citation

  • Amitrajeet A. Batabyal, 2023. "Tanneries in Kanpur and pollution in the Ganges: A theoretical analysis," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(5), pages 1114-1123, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:1114-1123
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12593
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    1. Amitrajeet A. Batabyal & Hamid Beladi, 2017. "Cleaning the Ganges in Varanasi to Attract Tourists," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 45(4), pages 511-513, December.
    2. Singh, Aparajita & Gundimeda, Haripriya, 2020. "Why Regulations Come Up Short? Some Observations from a Field Study of the Kanpur Leather Industry," Ecology, Economy and Society - the INSEE Journal, Indian Society of Ecological Economics (INSEE), vol. 3(02), July.
    3. Xing, Shiqi & Batabyal, Amitrajeet, 2019. "A Safe Minimum Standard, an Elasticity of Substitution, and the Cleanup of the Ganges in Varanasi," MPRA Paper 93846, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 15 Mar 2019.
    4. Markandya, A. & Murty, M.N., 2004. "Cost–benefit analysis of cleaning the Ganges: some emerging environment and development issues," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 9(1), pages 61-81, February.
    5. Aparajita Singh & Haripriya Gundimeda, 2021. "Measuring technical efficiency and shadow price of water pollutants for the leather industry in India: a directional distance function approach," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 59(1), pages 71-93, February.
    6. Batabyal, Amitrajeet & Beladi, Hamid, 2020. "A Political Economy Model of the Ganges Pollution Cleanup Problem," MPRA Paper 102790, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 28 May 2020.
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    1. Batabyal, Amitrajeet, 2023. "How spillovers from pollution cleanup in the Ganges affect welfare in Kanpur and Varanasi," MPRA Paper 118366, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 23 Aug 2023.
    2. Batabyal, Amitrajeet A. & Yoo, Seung Jick, 2024. "Heterogeneity in population and values and water pollution clean-up: The Ganges in Kanpur and Varanasi, India," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 1527-1534.
    3. Amitrajeet A. Batabyal & Hamid Beladi, 2023. "Centralized versus Decentralized Cleanup of River Water Pollution: An Application to the Ganges," Games, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-12, October.
    4. Amitrajeet Batabyal & Hamid Beladi, 2024. "Decentralized vs. Centralized Water Pollution Cleanup in the Ganges in a Model with Three Cities," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 383-394, June.
    5. Amitrajeet A. BATABYAL & Seung Jick YOO, 2022. "A Theoretical Analysis Of Costs, Waste Treatment, Pollution In The Ganges, And Leather Production By Tanneries In Kanpur, India," Regional Science Inquiry, Hellenic Association of Regional Scientists, vol. 0(2), pages 47-53, June.
    6. Batabyal, Amitrajeet & Kourtit, Karima & Nijkamp, Peter, 2022. "Polluting tanneries and small farmers in Kanpur, India: a theoretical analysis," MPRA Paper 115216, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 31 Aug 2022.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • Q52 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling

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