IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/117216.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

The Impact of Government Expenditure on Education in the ESG Models at World Level

Author

Listed:
  • Leogrande, Angelo
  • Costantiello, Alberto

Abstract

In this article, we estimate the value of Government Expenditure on Education-GEE in the context of Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG dataset of the World Bank. We use data from 193 countries in the period 2011-2020. We use Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, Pooled Ordinary Least Squares-OLS, and Weighted Least Squares-WLS. Our results show that the value of GEE is positively associated among others to “Case of Death, by communicable disease and maternal, prenatal and nutrition conditions”, and “Unemployment”, and negatively associated among others to “Hospital Beds” and “Government Effectiveness”. Furthermore, we apply the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Elbow Method and we find the presence of four clusters. Finally, we confront eight machine learning algorithms for the prediction of the future value of GEE. We found that the Polynomial Regression is the best predictive algorithm. The Polynomial Regression predicts an increase in GEE of 7.09% on average for the analysed countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto, 2023. "The Impact of Government Expenditure on Education in the ESG Models at World Level," MPRA Paper 117216, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:117216
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/117216/1/04-05-2023%20GEE%20and%20ESG.pdf
    File Function: original version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Costantiello, Alberto & Leogrande, Angelo, 2023. "The Impact Of Research And Development Expenditures On Esg Model In The Global Economy," SocArXiv xy6ew, Center for Open Science.
    2. Muhammad Afi Ramadhan & Ratna Mulyany & Evi Mutia, 2023. "The irrelevance of R&D intensity in the ESG disclosure? Insights from top 10 listed companies on global Islamic indices," Cogent Business & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(1), pages 2187332-218, December.
    3. Costantiello, Alberto & Leogrande, Angelo, 2023. "The Ease of Doing Business in the ESG Framework at World Level," MPRA Paper 117086, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Alexandre Clément & Élisabeth Robinot & Léo Trespeuch, 2022. "Improving ESG Scores with Sustainability Concepts," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-15, October.
    5. Costantiello, Alberto & Leogrande, Angelo, 2023. "The Role Of Political Stability In The Context Of Esg Models At World Level," SocArXiv kv9pg, Center for Open Science.
    6. Laureti, Lucio & Costantiello, Alberto & Leogrande, Angelo, 2023. "The Role of Government Effectiveness in the Light of ESG Data at Global Level," MPRA Paper 115998, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Alberto Costantiello & Angelo Leogrande, 2023. "The Impact of Voice and Accountability in the ESG Framework in a Global Perspective," Working Papers hal-04043775, HAL.
    8. Giovanni Ferri & Angelo Leogrande, 2015. "Was the Crisis Due to a Shift from Stakeholder to Shareholder Finance? Surveying the Debate," Euricse Working Papers 1576, Euricse (European Research Institute on Cooperative and Social Enterprises).
    9. Cojoianu, Theodor F. & Hoepner, Andreas G.F. & Lin, Yanan, 2022. "Private market impact investing firms: Ownership structure and investment style," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    10. Wafa Ghardallou, 2022. "Corporate Sustainability and Firm Performance: The Moderating Role of CEO Education and Tenure," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-16, March.
    11. Ferri Giovanni & Leogrande Angelo, 2021. "Stakeholder Management, Cooperatives, and Selfish-Individualism," Journal for Markets and Ethics, Sciendo, vol. 9(2), pages 61-75, December.
    12. Leogrande, Angelo, 2023. "The Rule of Law in the ESG Framework in the World Economy," MPRA Paper 116293, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. PoTsang B. Huang & Ching-Chow Yang & Maria Magdalena Wahyuni Inderawati & Ronald Sukwadi, 2022. "Using Modified Delphi Study to Develop Instrument for ESG Implementation: A Case Study at an Indonesian Higher Education Institution," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-21, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Leogrande, Angelo & Leogrande, Domenico & Costantiello, Alberto, 2023. "The Role of Unemployment in the ESG Model at World Level," MPRA Paper 117845, University Library of Munich, Germany.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Costantiello, Alberto & Leogrande, Angelo, 2023. "The Role Of Gdp Growth In The Esg Approach At World Level," SocArXiv r56hu, Center for Open Science.
    2. Costantiello, Alberto & Leogrande, Angelo, 2023. "The Role Of Political Stability In The Context Of Esg Models At World Level," SocArXiv kv9pg, Center for Open Science.
    3. Costantiello, Alberto & Leogrande, Angelo, 2023. "The Determinants of CO2 Emissions in the Context of ESG Models at World Level," MPRA Paper 117110, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Leogrande, Angelo & Leogrande, Domenico & Costantiello, Alberto, 2023. "The Impact of Patent Applications in the Context of the ESG Model at World Level," EconStor Preprints 273495, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    5. Prianto Budi Saptono & Gustofan Mahmud & Intan Pratiwi & Dwi Purwanto & Ismail Khozen & Muhamad Akbar Aditama & Siti Khodijah & Maria Eurelia Wayan & Rina Yuliastuty Asmara & Ferry Jie, 2023. "Development of Climate-Related Disclosure Indicators for Application in Indonesia: A Delphi Method Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-25, July.
    6. Angelo Leogrande & Domenico Leogrande & Alberto Costantiello, 2023. "The Role of Unemployment in the ESG Model at World Level," Working Papers hal-04154793, HAL.
    7. Sania Khan & Wadi B. Alonazi & Azam Malik & Noor Raihani Zainol, 2023. "Does Corporate Social Responsibility Moderate the Nexus of Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-17, May.
    8. Leogrande, Angelo, 2021. "The Destruction of Price-Representativeness," MPRA Paper 111239, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Huiping Zhu & Haifeng Gu & Habiba Halepoto, 2022. "Can Fulfillment of Social Responsibility Enable Enterprises to Innovate? The Role of Corporate Financialization and Agency Costs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-22, October.
    10. Ameen Qasem & Shaker Dahan AL-Duais & Wan Nordin Wan-Hussin & Hasan Mohamad Bamahros & Abdulsalam Alquhaif & Murad Thomran, 2022. "Institutional Ownership Types and ESG Reporting: The Case of Saudi Listed Firms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-23, September.
    11. Erwin Saraswati & Abdul Ghofar & Sari Atmini & Ayu Aryista Dewi, 2024. "Clustering of Companies Based on Sustainability Performance using ESG Materiality Approach: Evidence from Indonesia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(2), pages 112-125, March.
    12. Többen, Dorothea & Rößle, Kathrin, 2024. "Eine Analyse der Entwicklung von Nachhaltigkeitskennzahlen von DAX-Konzernen," Rosenheim Papers in Applied Economics and Business Sciences 11/2024, Rosenheim Technical University of Applied Sciences.
    13. Arumega Zarefar & Dian Agustia & Noorlailie Soewarno, 2022. "Bridging the Gap between Sustainability Disclosure and Firm Performance in Indonesian Firms: The Moderating Effect of the Family Firm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-13, September.
    14. Zijian Liu & Lian Cai & Yabin Zhang, 2022. "Gender Diversity and Environmental Performance: New Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-15, October.
    15. Duncombe, Samuel & Park, Min & Tarsalewska, Monika & Trojanowski, Grzegorz, 2023. "ESG positioning in private infrastructure fundraising," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    16. Corina MURAFA & Theodor COJOIANU, 2023. "Financial Instruments for Decarbonization: Likely Pathways in the Romanian Economy," REVISTA DE MANAGEMENT COMPARAT INTERNATIONAL/REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE MANAGEMENT, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 24(2), pages 198-209, May.
    17. Ma, Rui & Xie, Xiao qin & Liu, Bin & Zhou, Fengjiao & Samsurijan, Mohamad Shaharudin bin, 2023. "Transmission to green economic development and the dependence on natural resources in China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PB).
    18. José Antonio Clemente-Almendros & Tomás González-Cruz & Sergio Camisón-Haba, 2025. "Does innovation practices enhance the impact of environmental criteria adoption over entrepreneurial SMEs’ performance?," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 1-26, December.
    19. Xin Su & Shengwen Wang & Feifei Li, 2023. "The Impact of Digital Transformation on ESG Performance Based on the Mediating Effect of Dynamic Capabilities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-22, September.
    20. Yusheng Kong & Andrew Agyemang & Noha Alessa & Maxwell Kongkuah, 2023. "The Moderating Role of Technological Innovation on Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) Performance and Firm Value: Evidence from Developing and Least-Developed Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-16, September.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Analysis of Collective Decision-Making; General; Political Processes: Rent-Seeking; Lobbying; Elections; Legislatures; and Voting Behaviour; Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption; Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation; Implementation.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D70 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - General
    • D72 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
    • D73 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
    • D78 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:117216. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Joachim Winter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/vfmunde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.