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The Role of GDP Growth in the ESG Approach at World Level

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  • Leogrande, Angelo
  • Costantiello, Alberto

Abstract

We analyze the question of GDP Growth-GDPG rate in the context of Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG framework. We use World Bank data for 193 countries in the period 2011-2020 using different econometric techniques i.e., Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, Pooled Ordinary Least Squares-OLS. We found that GDPG rate is positively associated, among others, to “Government Effectiveness” and “Prevalence of Undernourishment” and negatively associated among others to “Unemployment” and “Research and Development Expenditure”. Furthermore, we have applied the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Elbow method and we found the presence of four clusters in the sense of GDPG rate. Finally, we confront eight machine learning algorithms to predict the value of GDPG rate and we found that the Polynomial Regression is the best predictor. The Polynomial Regression predicts an increase of GDPG rate equal to 2.88% on average for the analysed countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto, 2023. "The Role of GDP Growth in the ESG Approach at World Level," SocArXiv 93sn2_v1, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:93sn2_v1
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/93sn2_v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Costantiello, Alberto & Leogrande, Angelo, 2023. "The Ease of Doing Business in the ESG Framework at World Level," MPRA Paper 117086, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Maha Alandejani & Habiba Al-Shaer, 2023. "Macro Uncertainty Impacts on ESG Performance and Carbon Emission Reduction Targets," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-15, February.
    3. Ferri Giovanni & Leogrande Angelo, 2021. "Stakeholder Management, Cooperatives, and Selfish-Individualism," Journal for Markets and Ethics, Sciendo, vol. 9(2), pages 61-75, December.
    4. Leogrande, Angelo, 2023. "The Rule of Law in the ESG Framework in the World Economy," MPRA Paper 116293, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Tuan-Hock Ng & Chun-Teck Lye & Kar-Hoong Chan & Ying-Zhee Lim & Ying-San Lim, 2020. "Sustainability in Asia: The Roles of Financial Development in Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Performance," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 150(1), pages 17-44, July.
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