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Persistence of solid fuel use despite increases in LPG ownership: New survey evidence from rural north India

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  • Gupta, Aashish
  • Vyas, Sangita
  • Hathi, Payal
  • Khalid, Nazar
  • Srivastav, Nikhil
  • Spears, Dean
  • Coffey, Diane

Abstract

Solid fuel use is an important contributor to air pollution and disease burden in India. We present survey evidence documenting LPG ownership and cooking fuel use in rural north India. LPG ownership has increased rapidly, substantially driven by the Ujjwala Yojana. Three-quarters of rural households in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh now have LPG. Almost all of these households also have a stove that uses solid fuels, and among those owning both, almost three-quarters used solid fuels the day before the survey. Household economic status, relative costs of cooking fuels, gender inequality, and beliefs regarding the ease, food taste, and health impacts of cooking with solid fuels versus LPG are important contributors to high solid fuel use despite LPG ownership. Households that continue to use solid fuels continue to expose themselves and their neighbours to harmful air pollution. To realize the full health benefits of Ujjwala’s expansion in LPG ownership, attention must now be turned towards discouraging the use of solid fuels and promoting exclusive use of LPG. This is an urgent priority for research, policy, and action.

Suggested Citation

  • Gupta, Aashish & Vyas, Sangita & Hathi, Payal & Khalid, Nazar & Srivastav, Nikhil & Spears, Dean & Coffey, Diane, 2019. "Persistence of solid fuel use despite increases in LPG ownership: New survey evidence from rural north India," SocArXiv yv2es, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:yv2es
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/yv2es
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Brooks, N. & Bhojvaid, V. & Jeuland, M.A. & Lewis, J.J. & Patange, O. & Pattanayak, S.K., 2016. "How much do alternative cookstoves reduce biomass fuel use? Evidence from North India," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 153-171.
    2. Gupta, Aashish & Khalid, Nazar & Desphande, Devashish & Hathi, Payal & Kapur, Avani & Srivastav, Nikhil & Vyas, Sangita & Spears, Dean & Coffey, Diane, 2019. "Changes in Open Defecation in Rural North India: 2014-2018," IZA Discussion Papers 12065, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Cheng, Chao-yo & Urpelainen, Johannes, 2014. "Fuel stacking in India: Changes in the cooking and lighting mix, 1987–2010," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 306-317.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ujjayant Chakravorty & Ridhima Gupta & Martino Pelli, 2022. "The economics of rural energy use in developing countries," CIRANO Working Papers 2022s-12, CIRANO.
    2. Vyas, Sangita & Gupta, Aashish & Khalid, Nazar, 2021. "Gender and LPG use after government intervention in rural north India," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    3. Gupta, Aashish, 2019. "Where there is smoke: Solid fuel externalities, gender, and adult respiratory health in India," SocArXiv 45fn6, Center for Open Science.
    4. Koomson, Isaac & Orkoh, Emmanuel & Ahmad, Shabbir, 2023. "Non-farm entrepreneurship, caste, and energy poverty in rural India," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PA).

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