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Immigrant settlement patterns, transit accessibility, and transit use

Author

Listed:
  • Allen, Jeff

    (University of Toronto)

  • Farber, Steven
  • Greaves, Stephen
  • Clifton, Geoffrey
  • Wu, Hao
  • Sarkar, Somwrita
  • Levinson, David

Abstract

Public transit is immensely important among recent immigrants for enabling daily travel and activity participation. The objectives of this study are to examine whether immigrants settle in areas of high or low transit accessibility and how this affects transit mode share. This is analyzed via a novel comparison of two gateway cities: Sydney, Australia and Toronto, Canada. We find that in both cities, recent immigrants have greater levels of public transit accessibility to jobs, on average, than the overall population, but the geography of immigrant settlement is more suburbanized and less clustered around commuter rail in Toronto than in Sydney. Using logistic regression models with spatial filters, we find significant positive relationships between immigrant settlement patterns and transit mode share for commuting trips, after controlling for transit accessibility and other socio-economic factors, indicating an increased reliance on public transit by recent immigrants. Importantly, via a sensitivity analysis, we find that these effects are greatest in peripheral suburbs and rural areas, indicating that recent immigrants in these areas have more risks of transport-related social exclusion due to reliance on insufficient transit service.

Suggested Citation

  • Allen, Jeff & Farber, Steven & Greaves, Stephen & Clifton, Geoffrey & Wu, Hao & Sarkar, Somwrita & Levinson, David, 2021. "Immigrant settlement patterns, transit accessibility, and transit use," SocArXiv mnaw5_v1, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:mnaw5_v1
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/mnaw5_v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Farber, Steven & Mifsud, Anika & Allen, Jeff & Widener, Michael J. & Newbold, K. Bruce & Moniruzzaman, Md, 2018. "Transportation barriers to Syrian newcomer participation and settlement in Durham Region," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 181-192.
    2. Allen, Jeff & Farber, Steven, 2020. "Planning transport for social inclusion: An accessibility-activity participation approach," SocArXiv ap7wh, Center for Open Science.
    3. Somwrita Sarkar & Hao Wu & David M Levinson, 2020. "Measuring polycentricity via network flows, spatial interaction and percolation," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 57(12), pages 2402-2422, September.
    4. Tal, Gil & Handy, Susan, 2010. "Travel behavior of immigrants: An analysis of the 2001 National Household Transportation Survey," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 85-93, March.
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    7. Heisz, Andrew & Schellenberg, Grant, 2004. "Public Transit Use Among Immigrants," Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series 2004224e, Statistics Canada, Analytical Studies Branch.
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