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Venture Capital Contracts

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  • Michael Ewens
  • Alexander S. Gorbenko
  • Arthur Korteweg

Abstract

We estimate the impact of venture capital (VC) contract terms on startup outcomes and the split of value between the entrepreneur and investor, accounting for endogenous selection via a novel dynamic search and matching model. The estimation uses a new, large data set of first financing rounds of startup companies. Consistent with efficient contracting theories, there is an optimal equity split between agents, which maximizes the probability of success. However, VCs use their bargaining power to receive more investor-friendly terms compared to the contract that maximizes startup values. Better VCs still benefit the startup and the entrepreneur, due to their positive value creation. Counterfactuals show that reducing search frictions shifts the bargaining power to VCs and benefits them at the expense of entrepreneurs. The results show that selection of agents into deals is a first-order factor to take into account in studies of contracting.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Ewens & Alexander S. Gorbenko & Arthur Korteweg, 2019. "Venture Capital Contracts," NBER Working Papers 26115, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:26115
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    3. Dunbar, Craig G. & King, Michael R., 2023. "Syndicate structure and IPO outcomes: The impact of underwriter roles and syndicate concentration," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    4. Dang, Viet Anh & Karpuz, Ahmet & Mohamed, Abdulkadir, 2023. "Venture capital directors and corporate debt structure: An empirical analysis of newly listed companies," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    5. Howell, Sabrina T., 2020. "Reducing information frictions in venture capital: The role of new venture competitions," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(3), pages 676-694.
    6. Suting Hong & Konstantinos Serfes & Veikko Thiele, 2020. "Competition in the venture capital market and the success of startup companies: Theory and evidence," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(4), pages 741-791, October.
    7. Ewens, Michael & Nanda, Ramana & Stanton, Christopher, 2020. "The Evolution of CEO Compensation in Venture Capital Backed Startups," SocArXiv rku3m, Center for Open Science.
    8. Harrison, Richard T. & Bock, Adam J. & Gregson, Geoff, 2020. "Stairway to heaven? rethinking angel investment policy and practice," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 14(C).
    9. Fu, Hui & Qi, Huilan & An, Yunbi, 2024. "When do venture capital and startups team up? Matching matters," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    10. Yoshiki Ando, 2024. "Dynamics of High-Growth Young Firms and the Role of Venture Capitalists," PIER Working Paper Archive 24-012, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania.
    11. Steven Poelhekke & Benjamin Wache, 2023. "The Impact of Venture Capital on Economic Growth," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 23-050/VIII, Tinbergen Institute.
    12. Hornuf, Lars & Schilling, Tobias & Schwienbacher, Armin, 2022. "The relevance of investor rights in crowdinvesting," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    13. Welter, Chris & Holcomb, Tim R. & McIlwraith, John, 2023. "The inefficiencies of venture capital funding," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 19(C).
    14. Balcerzak, Adam P. & Zinecker, Marek & Skalický, Roman & Rogalska, Elżbieta & Doubravský, Karel, 2023. "Technology-oriented start-ups and valuation: A novel approach based on specific contract terms," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    15. Pavlova, Elitsa & Signore, Simone, 2019. "The European venture capital landscape: an EIF perspective. Volume V: The economic impact of VC investments supported by the EIF," EIF Working Paper Series 2019/55, European Investment Fund (EIF).
    16. Lars Hornuf & Tobias Schilling & Armin Schwienbacher, 2019. "Are Equity Crowdfunding Investors Active Investors?," CESifo Working Paper Series 7884, CESifo.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C78 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - - - Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory
    • D86 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Economics of Contract Law
    • G24 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage

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