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How Gender Inequalities Hinder Development: Cross-Country Evidence

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Abstract

This paper assumes that gender inequality hinders economic and human development: a one standard deviation change in the Gender Inequality Index (GII) will increase long term income per capita by 9,1% and Human Development Index (HDI) by 4%. Gender inequality may be a explanation of economic development differences: 16% of the long term income difference between South Asia and East Asia & Pacific can be accounted for by the difference in gender inequality. Moreover, this paper provides evidence of a vicious circle between gender inequality and long term income. The multi-dimensional concept of gender inequality is measured by a composite index with endogenous weightings : the Gender Inequality Index (GII). To correct endogeneity and simultaneity problems, the two-stage and three-stage least square methods are used separately. In this way, the steady state per capita income and the human development levels are estimated for 109 developing countries

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  • Gaëlle Ferrant, 2011. "How Gender Inequalities Hinder Development: Cross-Country Evidence," Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 11012, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1), Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne.
    • Handle: RePEc:mse:cesdoc:11012
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    Cited by:

    1. Tina T He & Wilson XB Li, 2021. "Revisiting tourism’s additional impact on income," Tourism Economics, , vol. 27(1), pages 149-167, February.
    2. Haeyoung Jang & Seung-Ho Kwon, 2022. "Understanding women’s empowerment in post-Covid Korea: A historical analysis," The Economic and Labour Relations Review, , vol. 33(2), pages 351-376, June.
    3. Ferrant, Gaëlle & Tuccio, Michele, 2015. "South–South Migration and Discrimination Against Women in Social Institutions: A Two-way Relationship," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 240-254.
    4. Adeline Nnenna Idike & Remi Chukwudi Okeke & Cornelius O. Okorie & Francisca N. Ogba & Christiana A. Ugodulunwa, 2020. "Gender, Democracy, and National Development in Nigeria," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(2), pages 21582440209, May.
    5. Brindusa Anghel & J. Ignacio Conde-Ruiz & Ignacio Marra de Artíñano, 2019. "Brechas Salariales de Género en España," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 229(2), pages 87-119, June.
    6. Serap Bedir Kara & Aysegul Coskun, 2020. "The Impact of Gender Inequalities in Education on Income Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)," Eurasian Journal of Social Sciences, Eurasian Publications, vol. 8(4), pages 148-162.
    7. Paola Demartini, 2019. "Why and How Women in Business Can Make Innovations in Light of the Sustainable Development Goals," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-8, August.
    8. Baroki, Robert & Joshi, Christian & Maisonnave, Hélène & Mariam, Anastasie Bulumba, 2021. "Impact of pro-gender public policies in the agricultural sectors on women's employment in a context of economic dependence on natural resources: A case study of the DRC," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315114, International Association of Agricultural Economists.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Growth; Gender Inequality; development economics;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • C43 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Index Numbers and Aggregation

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