Household Choice of Financial Borrowing and Its Source: Multinomial Probit Model with Selection

This paper summarizes the research and policy issues relating to climate change impacts, adaptation research and loss and damage assessments for rural India with focus on agriculture and water sectors. The climate change impact assessments have recently been proliferated by statistical models which primarily assess the role of weather as opposed to climate, thereby biasing the extent of impacts. Though the interface between climate change adaptation research and policy has evolved from a broad geographic understanding to the field level challenges of implementation, there is considerable overlap between developmental activities and adaptation activities. Further, it is expected that the climate change impacts will exceed adaptation limits manifesting in loss and damage due to frequent and/or severe climate extreme events. The loss and damage debate also highlights the challenges that development brings in reducing irreversible and unavoidable losses and damages on one hand and increasing losses and damages attributable to intolerability on the other hand.