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Digitalisierung und die Zukunft der Arbeit: Was ist am Arbeitsmarkt passiert und wie soll die Wirtschaftspolitik reagieren?

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  • Suedekum, Jens

    (Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf)

Abstract

Digitalisierung und Automatisierung werden nicht zu Massenarbeitslosigkeit führen. Nicht Arbeitslosigkeit, sondern eine stärkere Ungleichheit und stagnierende Reallöhne in der Mitte des Lohnspektrums sind das Problem. Bislang hat der Robotereinsatz die Löhne nur schwach in Mitleidenschaft gezogen. Mit dem Vormarsch der künstlichen Intelligenz und anderer digitaler Technologien könnte es aber schlimmer kommen. Wie kann die Wirtschaftspolitik reagieren? Einkommensumverteilung über Steuer- und Transfersysteme oder gar ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen greifen zu kurz. Eine vorbeugende Politik setzt an der Primärverteilung der Markteinkommen an. Priorität haben eine produktivitätsorientierte Lohnpolitik, massive Investitionen in die Wissensinfrastruktur und die Intensivierung der Ausbildung und beruflichen Weiterbildung. Die Politik sollte nicht über Robotersteuern, sondern über Modelle der Mitarbeiterbeteiligung nachdenken. Denn die zentrale Frage der Digitalisierung lautet, wem gehören die Roboter?

Suggested Citation

  • Suedekum, Jens, 2018. "Digitalisierung und die Zukunft der Arbeit: Was ist am Arbeitsmarkt passiert und wie soll die Wirtschaftspolitik reagieren?," IZA Standpunkte 90, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izasps:sp90
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Autor & Anna Salomons, 2018. "Is Automation Labor-Displacing? Productivity Growth, Employment, and the Labor Share," NBER Working Papers 24871, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Südekum, Jens & Dauth, Wolfgang & Findeisen, Sebastian & Woessner, Nicole, 2017. "German Robots – The Impact of Industrial Robots on Workers," CEPR Discussion Papers 12306, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    3. David Autor & David Dorn & Lawrence F Katz & Christina Patterson & John Van Reenen, 2020. "The Fall of the Labor Share and the Rise of Superstar Firms [“Automation and New Tasks: How Technology Displaces and Reinstates Labor”]," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 135(2), pages 645-709.
    4. Arntz, Melanie & Gregory, Terry & Zierahn, Ulrich & Lehmer, Florian & Matthes, Britta, 2018. "Digitalisierung und die Zukunft der Arbeit: Makroökonomische Auswirkungen auf Beschäftigung, Arbeitslosigkeit und Löhne von morgen," ZEW Expertises, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, number 179119, March.
    5. repec:bin:bpeajo:v:49:y:2019:i:2018-01:p:1-87 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Dauth, Wolfgang & Findeisen, Sebastian & Südekum, Jens & Wößner, Nicole, 2017. "German robots - the impact of industrial robots on workers," IAB-Discussion Paper 201730, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
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    Cited by:

    1. Claudius Gräbner & Philipp Heimberger & Jakob Kapeller, 2019. "Economic Polarisation in Europe: Causes and Options for Action," wiiw Research Reports 440, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    2. Jakob Kapeller & Claudius Graebner & Philipp Heimberger, 2019. "Economic Polarisation in Europe: Causes and Policy Options," ICAE Working Papers 99, Johannes Kepler University, Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Digitalisierung; Automatisierung; Arbeitsmarkt; Arbeitsnachfrage; Lohnungleichheit;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O3 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights
    • O4 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
    • J2 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor

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