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Minimum Wage, Fringe Benefits, Overtime Payments and the Gender Wage Gap

Author

Listed:
  • Cerejeira, João

    (University of Minho)

  • K?z?lca, Kemal

    (Ankara University)

  • Portela, Miguel

    (University of Minho)

  • Sá, Carla

    (CIPES – Centre for Research in Higher Education Policies)

Abstract

Using linked employer-employee data for Portugal, we explore an amendment to the minimum wage law which increased from 75% to 100% of the full minimum wage applied to employees younger than 18. Our results show a widening of the gender wage gap following the amendment: the wage gap for minors increased 2.7 percentage points more than for other groups. This change was mainly determined by a redistribution of fringe benefits and overtime payments. We discuss three possible sources of redistribution: (i) a change in the skill composition of the working males and females after the increase in the minimum wage, (ii) industrial differences in response to the changes in the wage floor, and (iii) discrimination. Estimations support the second channel as the main contributing factor, while possible discrimination effects cannot be eliminated.

Suggested Citation

  • Cerejeira, João & K?z?lca, Kemal & Portela, Miguel & Sá, Carla, 2012. "Minimum Wage, Fringe Benefits, Overtime Payments and the Gender Wage Gap," IZA Discussion Papers 6370, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp6370
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Laura Giuliano, 2013. "Minimum Wage Effects on Employment, Substitution, and the Teenage Labor Supply: Evidence from Personnel Data," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 31(1), pages 155-194.
    2. Ahn, Tom & Arcidiacono, Peter & Wessels, Walter, 2011. "The Distributional Impacts of Minimum Wage Increases When Both Labor Supply and Labor Demand Are Endogenous," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 29(1), pages 12-23.
    3. Walter J. Wessels, 1987. "Minimum Wages, Fringe Benefits, and Working Conditions," Books, American Enterprise Institute, number 917571, September.
    4. Aaron Lowen & Paul Sicilian, 2009. "“Family-Friendly” Fringe Benefits and the Gender Wage Gap," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 30(2), pages 101-119, June.
    5. Adam J. Grossberg & Paul Sicilian, 2004. "Legal Minimum Wages and Employment Duration," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 70(3), pages 631-645, January.
    6. João Cerejeira Silva, 2008. "Young Employment, Job-Skill Composition and Minimum Wages: Evidence from a 'Natural Experiment'," NIPE Working Papers 04/2008, NIPE - Universidade do Minho.
    7. Kosali Ilayperuma Simon & Robert Kaestner, 2004. "Do Minimum Wages Affect Non-Wage Job Attributes? Evidence on Fringe Benefits," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 58(1), pages 52-70, October.
    8. Wiji Arulampalam & Alison L. Booth & Mark L. Bryan, 2007. "Is There a Glass Ceiling over Europe? Exploring the Gender Pay Gap across the Wage Distribution," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 60(2), pages 163-186, January.
    9. Meyer, Robert H & Wise, David A, 1983. "Discontinuous Distributions and Missing Persons: The Minimum Wage and Unemployed Youth," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 51(6), pages 1677-1698, November.
    10. repec:bla:obuest:v:64:y:2002:i:5:p:417-48 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Harry J. Holzer & Lawrence F. Katz & Alan B. Krueger, 1991. "Job Queues and Wages," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 106(3), pages 739-768.
    12. Helen Robinson, 2002. "Wrong Side of the Track? The Impact of the Minimum Wage on Gender Pay Gaps in Britain," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 64(5), pages 417-448, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Majchrowska, Aleksandra & Strawiński, Paweł, 2018. "Impact of minimum wage increase on gender wage gap: Case of Poland," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 174-185.
    2. Oliveira, Carlos, 2023. "The minimum wage and the wage distribution in Portugal," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    3. Boll, Christina & Hüning, Hendrik & Leppin, Julian & Puckelwald, Johannes, 2015. "Potential effects of a statutory minimum wage on the gender pay gap: A simulation-based study for Germany," HWWI Research Papers 163, Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWI).
    4. Carlos Oliveira, 2022. "How is the Minimum Wage Shaping the Wage Disitribution: Bite, Spillovers, and Wage Inequality," GEE Papers 0160, Gabinete de Estratégia e Estudos, Ministério da Economia, revised May 2022.
    5. Boll, Christina & Hüning, Hendrik & Leppin, Julian & Puckelwald, Johannes, 2015. "Potenzielle Auswirkungen des Mindestlohnes auf den Gender Pay Gap in Deutschland: Eine Simulationsstudie," HWWI Policy Papers 89, Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWI).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    minimum wage; overtime payments; fringe benefits; gender wage gap; minors;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J32 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Retirement Plans; Private Pensions
    • J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing

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