IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/iza/izadps/dp17309.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Child Penalties and Parental Role Models: Classroom Exposure Effects

Author

Listed:
  • Kleven, Henrik Jacobsen

    (Princeton University)

  • Olivero, Giulia

    (Cornell University)

  • Patacchini, Eleonora

    (Cornell University)

Abstract

This paper investigates whether the effects of children on the labor market outcomes of women relative to men — child penalties — are shaped by the work behavior of peers' parents during adolescence. Leveraging quasi-random variation in the fraction of peers with working parents across cohorts within schools, we find that greater exposure to working mothers during adolescence substantially reduces the child penalty in employment later in life. Conversely, we find that greater exposure to working fathers increases the penalty. Our findings suggest that parental role models during adolescence are critical for shaping child-related gender gaps in the labor market.

Suggested Citation

  • Kleven, Henrik Jacobsen & Olivero, Giulia & Patacchini, Eleonora, 2024. "Child Penalties and Parental Role Models: Classroom Exposure Effects," IZA Discussion Papers 17309, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17309
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://docs.iza.org/dp17309.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    More about this item

    Keywords

    child penalty; gender norms; long-run;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17309. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Holger Hinte (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/izaaade.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.