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China's 40 Years Demographic Dividend and Labor Supply: The Quantity Myth

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  • Meng, Xin

    (Australian National University)

Abstract

In the past forty years the Chinese economy achieved miracle growth and many attributed a significant part of this to China's favourable labour supply flowing from the "demographic dividend": a larger share of working age population (WAPS). Currently, this dividend is slipping away and many in China are very concerned. Against this background I set out to examine the contributions of various dimensions of China's changing WAPS and its impact on economic growth. I show that between 1982-2015 the increase in the WAPS was offset by a decline in the labour force participation rate, resulting in a very limited increase in the quantity of labour supply. I then estimate the association between regional variations in economic growth and changes in factors such as population size, WAPS, migration, education. The results lend little support to the view that increasing WAPS played a major role in China's economic growth over this period.

Suggested Citation

  • Meng, Xin, 2023. "China's 40 Years Demographic Dividend and Labor Supply: The Quantity Myth," IZA Discussion Papers 16207, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16207
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    labor supply; demographic dividends; China;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J10 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - General
    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

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