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Immigration, Meat Packing, and Trade: Implications for Iowa

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  • Huffman, Wallace E.
  • Miranowski, John A.

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to examine changes in employment and wage patterns, industrial restructuring, and foreign competition that affect job opportunities of recent immigrants to the nonmetropolitan Midwest, especially to Iowa. The food and kindred products industry which includes meat packing and poultry slaughtering and processing is a significant employer of recent immigrants. The meat packing industry has a long history of employing immigrants, especially Irish and Polish immigrants during the first half of the 20th century. U.S. meat packing has undergone significant technical change and geographical relocation during the past 25 years. During 1945 to 1968, unions gained considerable wage advantage for hourly meat packing workers relative to other manufacturing workers. These relatively high wage rates of the unionized packing house workers were undoubtedly one of the contributing factors to these changes. The technical changes that occurred were somewhat unusual in that technical advances replaced a major component of skilled labor, the meat cutters, in meat packing and opened packing house employment again to less skilled workers, including recent immigrants. Hispanics, Asians, and Sudanese are groups represented in the Midwest.

Suggested Citation

  • Huffman, Wallace E. & Miranowski, John A., 1996. "Immigration, Meat Packing, and Trade: Implications for Iowa," ISU General Staff Papers 199612010800001284, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:isu:genstf:199612010800001284
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wayne D. Purcell, 1990. "Economics of Consolidation in the Beef Sector: Research Challenges," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 72(5), pages 1210-1218.
    2. Bryan E. Melton & Wallace E. Huffman, 1995. "Beef and Pork Packing Costs and Input Demands: Effects of Unionization and Technology," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 77(3), pages 471-485.
    3. John M. Connor, 1990. "Empirical Challenges in Analyzing Market Performance in the U.S. Food System," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 72(5), pages 1219-1226.
    4. David L. Barkley, 1996. "Turmoil in traditional industry: prospects for nonmetropolitan manufacturing," Monograph, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, number 1996titpfn, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Artz, Georgeanne M. & Orazem, Peter F. & Otto, Daniel M., 2005. "Meat Packing and Processing Facilities in the Non-Metropolitan Midwest: Blessing or Curse?," 2005 Annual meeting, July 24-27, Providence, RI 19242, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    2. Artz, Georgeanne M. & Jackson, Rebecca & Orazem, Peter F., 2010. "Is It a Jungle Out There? Meat Packing, Immigrants, and Rural Communities," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 35(2), pages 1-17, August.
    3. Artz, Georgeanne M. & Orazem, Peter F. & Otto, Daniel M., 2005. "Measuring the Impact of Meat Packing and Processing Facilities in the Nonmetropolitan Midwest: A Difference-in-Differences Approach," Working Papers 18219, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    4. Saitone, Tina L. & Aleks Schaefer, K. & Scheitrum, Daniel P., 2021. "COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in U.S. meatpacking counties," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).

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