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European Financial Linkages: A New Look At Imbalances

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  • International Monetary Fund

Abstract

We document external investment positions among European Union countries at the start of the financial crisis through the creation of a new database comprising bilateral external financial asset and liabilities, excluding reserve assets and derivatives. While there are some gaps in the data, the overall coverage of reported bilateral net international investment positions (IIPs) appears satisfactory. The dataset provides a richer picture of financial linkages, enabling us to map the financing of Euro area imbalances. Creditor and debtor positions vis-à-vis the rest of the EU have tended to increase between 2000 and 2008, with capital flowing largely from wealthier to catching-up economies. This has in particular resulted in an increased interdependency among Euro Area economies.

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  • International Monetary Fund, 2010. "European Financial Linkages: A New Look At Imbalances," IMF Working Papers 2010/295, International Monetary Fund.
    • Handle: RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2010/295
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    7. Jörg Bibow, 2019. "20 years of the German euro are more than enough," Revista de Economia Critica, Asociacion de Economia Critica, vol. 27, pages 32-46.
    8. Helge Berger & Volker Nitsch, 2013. "Bilateral Imbalances in Europe ," CESifo Economic Studies, CESifo Group, vol. 59(3), pages 559-575, September.
    9. Enno Schröder, 2015. "Eurozone Imbalances: Measuring the Contribution of Expenditure Switching and Expenditure Volumes 1990-2013," Working Papers 1508, New School for Social Research, Department of Economics, revised Sep 2015.
    10. Fratianni, Michele & Giri, Federico, 2017. "The tale of two great crises," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 5-31.
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    12. Coates, Dermot & Everett, Mary, 2013. "Profiling the Cross-Border Funding of the Irish Banking System," Economic Letters 04/EL/13, Central Bank of Ireland.
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    15. Yamamoto, Shugo, 2020. "Banking Network Multiplier effects on cross-border bank inflows," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 493-507.
    16. Merler, S. & Pisani-Ferry, J., 2012. "Hazardous tango: sovereign-bank interdependence and financial stability in the euro area," Financial Stability Review, Banque de France, issue 16, pages 201-210, April.
    17. Fabian Lindner, 2015. "Does Saving Increase the Supply of Credit? A Critique of Loanable Funds Theory," World Economic Review, World Economics Association, vol. 2015(4), pages 1-1, February.
    18. Sergio de Ferra, 2021. "External Imbalances, Gross Capital Flows, and Sovereign Debt Crises," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 19(1), pages 347-402.
    19. Alexander Herzog-Stein & Fabian Lindner & Rudolf Zwiener, 2013. "Nur das Angebot zählt?," IMK Report 87-2013, IMK at the Hans Boeckler Foundation, Macroeconomic Policy Institute.
    20. Torój, Andrzej & Bednarek, Elżbieta & Bęza-Bojanowska, Joanna & Osińska, Joanna & Waćko, Katarzyna & Witkowski, Dariusz, 2012. "EMU: the (post-)crisis perspective. Literature survey and implications for the euro-candidates," MF Working Papers 12, Ministry of Finance in Poland, revised 06 Mar 2012.
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    22. Joerg Bibow, 2018. "Twenty Years of the German Euro Are More than Enough," Economics Working Paper Archive wp_911, Levy Economics Institute.
    23. Fabian Lindner, 2013. "Banken treiben Eurokrise," IMK Report 82-2013, IMK at the Hans Boeckler Foundation, Macroeconomic Policy Institute.
    24. Giuseppe Caivano & Nicola D. Coniglio, 2016. "Long-Run Drivers of Current Account Imbalances in the EU: the Role of Trade Openness," SERIES 03-2016, Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza - Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", revised May 2016.

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