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Currency Bloc Formation as a Dynamic Process Based on Trade Network Externalities

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  • Mr. Etienne B Yehoue

Abstract

The recent experience of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) has stimulated the debate over currency union and reinforced the incentive for the emergence of currency blocs in other regions of the world. This paper builds a dynamic stochastic model-based on network externalities operating through trade channels-to explain the emergence of currency blocs, and specifically, why some countries join a currency union earlier than others. The paper develops and formalizes the intuition that currency bloc formation is path dependent, and that countries join currency blocs sooner the more they trade with the bloc member countries, with each additional member serving in a dynamic way to attract more members into the bloc. Evidence from the current pattern of EMU expansion supports the model, which is later used to elaborate on the pattern of further expansion of the union.

Suggested Citation

  • Mr. Etienne B Yehoue, 2004. "Currency Bloc Formation as a Dynamic Process Based on Trade Network Externalities," IMF Working Papers 2004/222, International Monetary Fund.
    • Handle: RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2004/222
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Meissner, Christopher M. & Oomes, Nienke, 2009. "Why do countries peg the way they peg? The determinants of anchor currency choice," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(3), pages 522-547, April.
    2. Fischer, Christoph, 2016. "Determining global currency bloc equilibria: An empirical strategy based on estimates of anchor currency choice," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 214-238.
    3. Mr. Etienne B Yehoue, 2005. "On the Pattern of Currency Blocs in Africa," IMF Working Papers 2005/045, International Monetary Fund.
    4. Fischer, Christoph, 2015. "Determining global currency bloc equilibria," VfS Annual Conference 2015 (Muenster): Economic Development - Theory and Policy 113197, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    5. Mengdi Song, 2018. "Network Effects of Countries’ Exchange Rate Regime Choices: A Spatial Analysis," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 29(5), pages 1061-1093, November.

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