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Las reformas estructurales en América Latina: Qué se ha reformado y cómo medirlo (Versión actualizada)

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  • Lora, Eduardo

Abstract

Este documento es una actualización del trabajo original "Las reformas estructurales en América Latina: Qué se ha reformado y cómo medirlo" publicado en Diciembre de 2001. Este documento analiza los grandes cambios en las principales áreas de política económica estructural en América Latina entre 1985 y 2009 y presenta un conjunto de índices que intentan medir qué tan favorables son para el libre funcionamiento de los mercados las políticas comercial, financiera, tributaria, de privatizaciones y laboral. En una escala que va de 0 a 1, el índice promedio para todos los países y todas las áreas de política estructural se elevó de 0,39 en 1985 a 0,6 al terminar la década de los noventa y a 0,65 a fines de la década del 2000. Las reformas estructurales han sido profundas, especialmente en las áreas comercial, financiera, y en menor medida en las áreas de tributación y de privatización de los sectores de infraestructura. Los índices permiten comparaciones a través del tiempo, entre áreas y entre países. Sin embargo, son inadecuados para medir las políticas estructurales en Argentina y Venezuela durante la década del 2000, pues algunas de las políticas heterodoxas que han adoptado estos países no están cubiertas por los índices.

Suggested Citation

  • Lora, Eduardo, 2012. "Las reformas estructurales en América Latina: Qué se ha reformado y cómo medirlo (Versión actualizada)," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 4086, Inter-American Development Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:idb:brikps:4086
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Reformas estructurales; Indices de reforma; Consenso de Washington; Apertura; Liberalizacion de mercados; regulación laboral;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • H20 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - General
    • O20 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - General
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

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