IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/rbp/wpaper/2015-005.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Crecer no es Suficiente para Reducir la Informalidad

Author

Listed:
  • Céspedes, Nikita

    (Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas)

Abstract

En este documento se estudia la relación de la informalidad laboral y el crecimiento económico en el Perú a nivel regional. Se utiliza la tasa de desempleo urbano y al consumo de electricidad por regiones y provincias como indicadores de la actividad económica en el contexto de un modelo de elección discreta de informalidad a nivel de trabajadores. Se encuentra que la elasticidad informalidad-crecimiento es estadísticamente significativa y pequeña, con lo cual, la contribución de la mayor actividad económica en la reducción de la informalidad laboral es también pequeña. Se sugiere que el crecimiento económico repercute en la informalidad mediante la creación neta de empleos mayormente formales y de mayor productividad respecto a los empleos informales. Además, se muestra que los empleos formales tienen un retorno mayor en términos de salario respecto al sector informal, aunque esta brecha se estaría reduciendo desde inicios de la década del 2010; lo cual estaría debilitando los incentivos hacia la formalización de los empleos.

Suggested Citation

  • Céspedes, Nikita, 2015. "Crecer no es Suficiente para Reducir la Informalidad," Working Papers 2015-005, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú.
    • Handle: RePEc:rbp:wpaper:2015-005
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.bcrp.gob.pe/docs/Publicaciones/Documentos-de-Trabajo/2015/documento-de-trabajo-05-2015.pdf
    File Function: Application/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nikita Céspedes & María E. Aquije & Alan Sánchez & Rafael Vera Tudela, 2016. "Productividad sectorial en el Perú: un análisis a nivel de firmas," Chapters of Books, in: Nikita Céspedes & Pablo Lavado & Nelson Ramírez Rondán (ed.), Productividad en el Perú: medición, determinantes e implicancias, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 3, pages 70-92, Fondo Editorial, Universidad del Pacífico.
    2. Jaime Saavedra-Chanduví, 1998. "¿Crisis real o crisis de expectativas? El empleo en el Perú antes y después de las reformas estructurales," Research Department Publications 4149, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    3. Apergis, Nicholas & Tang, Chor Foon, 2013. "Is the energy-led growth hypothesis valid? New evidence from a sample of 85 countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 24-31.
    4. Alberto Chong & José Galdo & Jaime Saavedra-Chanduví, 2007. "Informality and Productivity in the Labor Market: Peru 1986 - 2001," Research Department Publications 4526, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    5. Jaime Saavedra-Chanduví, 1998. "¿Crisis real o crisis de expectativas? El empleo en el Perú antes y después de las reformas estructurales," Research Department Publications 4149, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    6. Friedrich Schneider & Dominik Enste, 1999. "Shadow Economies Around the World - Size, Causes, and Consequences," CESifo Working Paper Series 196, CESifo.
    7. Lora, Eduardo, 2012. "Las reformas estructurales en América Latina: Qué se ha reformado y cómo medirlo (Versión actualizada)," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 4086, Inter-American Development Bank.
    8. Céspedes Reynaga, Nikita, 2003. "Factores cíclicos y estructurales en la evolución de la tasa de desempleo," Revista Estudios Económicos, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, issue 9, pages 199-221.
    9. Marcouiller, Douglas & Ruiz de Castilla, Veronica & Woodruff, Christopher, 1997. "Formal Measures of the Informal-Sector Wage Gap in Mexico, El Salvador, and Peru," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 45(2), pages 367-392, January.
    10. Loayza, Norman V. & Oviedo, Ana Maria & Serven, Luis, 2005. "The impact of regulation on growth and informality - cross-country evidence," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3623, The World Bank.
    11. Eduardo Lora, 2012. "Las reformas estructurales en América Latina: Qué se ha reformado y cómo medirlo (Versión actualizada)," Research Department Publications 4826, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    12. Loayza, Norman V. & Rigolini, Jamele, 2006. "Informality trends and cycles," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4078, The World Bank.
    13. Maloney, William F., 1998. "The structure of labor markets in developing countries : time series evidence on competing views," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1940, The World Bank.
    14. Nikita Céspedes & Pablo Lavado & Nelson Ramírez Rondán, 2016. "La productividad en el Perú: un panorama general," Chapters of Books, in: Nikita Céspedes & Pablo Lavado & Nelson Ramírez Rondán (ed.), Productividad en el Perú: medición, determinantes e implicancias, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 1, pages 9-40, Fondo Editorial, Universidad del Pacífico.
    15. Maloney, William F., 2004. "Informality Revisited," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 32(7), pages 1159-1178, July.
    16. Cecilia Garavito, 2003. "La ley de Okun en el Perú: 1970-2000," Revista Economía, Fondo Editorial - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, issue 51-52, pages 189-238.
    17. Loayza, Norman, 2008. "Causas y consecuencias de la informalidad en el Perú," Revista Estudios Económicos, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, issue 15, pages 43-64.
    18. repec:reg:rpubli:271 is not listed on IDEAS
    19. Nikita Céspedes Reynaga & Silvio Rendon, 2012. "The Frisch Elasticity in Labor Markets with high Job Turnover," Department of Economics Working Papers 12-13, Stony Brook University, Department of Economics.
    20. Friedrich Schneider, 2005. "Shadow Economies of 145 Countries all over the World: What Do We Really Know?," CREMA Working Paper Series 2005-13, Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA).
    21. Humberto López & Luis Servén, 2015. "Too Poor to Grow," Central Banking, Analysis, and Economic Policies Book Series, in: Ricardo J. Caballero & Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel (ed.),Economic Policies in Emerging-Market Economies Festschrift in Honor of Vittorio Corbo, edition 1, volume 21, chapter 13, pages 309-350, Central Bank of Chile.
    22. Juan Chacaltana & Gustavo Yamada, 2009. "Calidad del empleo y productividad laboral en el Perú," Research Department Publications 4636, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    23. Jose Rodriguez & Minoru Higa, 2010. "Informalidad, empleo y productividad," Documentos de Trabajo / Working Papers 2010-282, Departamento de Economía - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
    24. Barco, Daniel & Vargas, Paola, 2010. "El Perfil del Trabajador Informal y el Retorno de la Educación," Working Papers 2010-004, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú.
    25. Céspedes, Nikita, 2015. "Creación y Destrucción de Empleos e Informalidad," Working Papers 2015-009, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú.
    26. Belapatiño, Vanessa & Céspedes, Nikita & Gutierrez, Ana Paola, 2014. "La duración del desempleo en Lima Metropolitana," Revista Estudios Económicos, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, issue 27, pages 67-80.
    27. Jaime Saavedra & Alberto Chong, 1999. "Structural reform, institutions and earnings: Evidence from the formal and informal sectors in urban Peru," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(4), pages 95-116.
    28. Del Valle, Marielle, 2009. "Impacto del ajuste de la Remuneración Mínima Vital sobre el empleo y la informalidad," Revista Estudios Económicos, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, issue 16, pages 83-102.
    29. Juan Chacaltana & Gustavo Yamada, 2009. "Calidad del empleo y productividad laboral en el Perú," Research Department Publications 4636, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    30. Guillermo E. Perry & William F. Maloney & Omar S. Arias & Pablo Fajnzylber & Andrew D. Mason & Jaime Saavedra-Chanduvi, 2007. "Informality : Exit and Exclusion," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 6730.
    31. Dominik H. Enste & Friedrich Schneider, 2000. "Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 38(1), pages 77-114, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Henley, Andrew & Arabsheibani, G. Reza & Carneiro, Francisco G., 2009. "On Defining and Measuring the Informal Sector: Evidence from Brazil," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 37(5), pages 992-1003, May.
    2. Chong, Alberto & Gradstein, Mark, 2007. "Inequality and informality," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(1-2), pages 159-179, February.
    3. Kamila Fialová, 2010. "Labor Institutions and their Impact on Shadow Economies in Europe," Working Papers IES 2010/29, Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies, revised Dec 2010.
    4. Mazhar, Ummad & Méon, Pierre-Guillaume, 2017. "Taxing the unobservable: The impact of the shadow economy on inflation and taxation," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 89-103.
    5. Gasparini Leonardo & Leonardo Tornaroli, 2009. "Labor Informality in Latin America and the Caribbean: Patterns and Trends from Household Survey Microdata," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, September.
    6. Kamila Fialová & Ondrej Schneider, 2014. "Labor Market Institutions and Their Impact on Shadow Economies in Europe," Review of Economics and Institutions, Università di Perugia, vol. 5(1).
    7. Cho, Yoonyoung, 2011. "Informality and protection from health shocks : lessons from Yemen," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5746, The World Bank.
    8. Norbert Fiess & Marco Fugazza, 2008. "Trade Liberalisation and Informality: New stylized facts," Working Papers 2008_34, Business School - Economics, University of Glasgow.
    9. D’Hernoncourt, Johanna & Méon, Pierre-Guillaume, 2012. "The not so dark side of trust: Does trust increase the size of the shadow economy?," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 81(1), pages 97-121.
    10. Norman Loayza, 2007. "The causes and consequences of informality in Peru," Working Papers 2007-018, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú.
    11. Gatti, Roberta & Honorati, Maddalena, 2007. "Informality among Formal Firms: Firm-level, Cross-country Evidence on Tax Compliance and Access to Credit," CEPR Discussion Papers 6597, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    12. Zenou, Yves, 2008. "Job search and mobility in developing countries. Theory and policy implications," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(2), pages 336-355, June.
    13. McKenzie, David & Seynabou Sakho, Yaye, 2010. "Does it pay firms to register for taxes? The impact of formality on firm profitability," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(1), pages 15-24, January.
    14. Giorgio Brosio & Juan Pablo Jiménez & Roberto Zanola, 2014. "Alternative views on the origins and impact of the informal economy," Chapters, in: Francesco Forte & Ram Mudambi & Pietro Maria Navarra (ed.), A Handbook of Alternative Theories of Public Economics, chapter 21, pages 485-502, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    15. Ricardo Azevedo Araujo & Helmar Nunes Moreira, 2014. "Lyapunov stability in an evolutionary game theory model of the labour market," Economia, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics], vol. 15(1), pages 41-53.
    16. Fiess, Norbert M. & Fugazza, Marco & Maloney, William F., 2010. "Informal self-employment and macroeconomic fluctuations," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(2), pages 211-226, March.
    17. Henley, Andrew & Arabsheibani, Reza & Carneiro, Francisco G., 2006. "On Defining and Measuring the Informal Sector," IZA Discussion Papers 2473, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    18. Amin, Mohammad & Islam, Asif, 2015. "Are Large Informal Firms More Productive than the Small Informal Firms? Evidence from Firm-Level Surveys in Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 374-385.
    19. Edoardo Di Porto & Leandro Elia & Cristina Tealdi, 2017. "Informal work in a flexible labour market," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 69(1), pages 143-164.
    20. Ceyhun Elgin & Muhammed Burak Sezgin, 2017. "Sectoral Estimates of Informality: A New Method and Application for the Turkish Economy," The Developing Economies, Institute of Developing Economies, vol. 55(4), pages 261-289, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Informalidad; crecimiento económico; dinámica del empleo; transiciones laborales;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • K20 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - General
    • K30 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - General
    • H11 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - Structure and Scope of Government
    • O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
    • O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:rbp:wpaper:2015-005. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Research Unit (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/bcrgvpe.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.