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Migration and Gender Empowerment: Recent Trends and Emerging Issues

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  • Jayati Ghosh

    (Jawaharlal Nehru University, School of Social Sciences)

Abstract

Women are increasingly significant as national and international migrants, and it is now evident that the complex relationship between migration and human development operates in genderdifferentiated ways. However, because migration policy has typically been gender-blind, an explicit gender perspective is necessary. This paper attempts this, beginning with an examination of recent trends in women’s migration, internationally and within nations. It then considers the implications of the socio-economic context of the sending location for women migrants. The process of migration, and how that can be gender-differentiated, is discussed with particular reference to the various types of female migration that are common: marriage migration, family migration, forced migration, migration for work. These can be further disaggregated into legal and irregular migration, all of which affect and the issues and problems of women migrants in the process of migration and in the destination country. The manifold and complex gendered effects of migration are discussed with reference to varied experiences. Women migrants’ relations with the sending households and the issues relevant for returning migrants are also considered. The final section provides some recommendations for public policy for migration through a gender lens.

Suggested Citation

  • Jayati Ghosh, 2009. "Migration and Gender Empowerment: Recent Trends and Emerging Issues," Human Development Research Papers (2009 to present) HDRP-2009-04, Human Development Report Office (HDRO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), revised Apr 2009.
    • Handle: RePEc:hdr:papers:hdrp-2009-04
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. McKenzie, David, 2007. "Paper Walls Are Easier to Tear Down: Passport Costs and Legal Barriers to Emigration," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 35(11), pages 2026-2039, November.
    2. Thomas Liebig, 2007. "The Labour Market Integration of Immigrants in Australia," OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 49, OECD Publishing.
    3. Fargues, Philippe, 2006. "The demographic benefit of international migration : hypothesis and application to the Middle Eastern and North African contexts," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4050, The World Bank.
    4. Dumont, Jean-Christophe & Martin, John P. & Spielvogel, Gilles, 2007. "Women on the Move: The Neglected Gender Dimension of the Brain Drain," IZA Discussion Papers 2920, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    Cited by:

    1. Mavis Dako-Gyeke, 2013. "Conceptualization of Female Migrants’ Experiences across the Lifespan Authors," Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Richtmann Publishing Ltd, vol. 2, November.
    2. Binhan Elif, Yilmaz, 2018. "Remittances, and Human Development in Central Asia," MPRA Paper 106580, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2018.
    3. Bożena, Chrząstowska, 2019. "Labour Migration and Remittances in Eurasia," MPRA Paper 106628, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2019.
    4. Smriti Rao & Christina Presenti, 2012. "Understanding Human Trafficking Origin: A Cross-Country Empirical Analysis," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(2), pages 231-263, April.
    5. Yali Li & Ni Yan & Haifan Cheng & Jing Luo & Zhengxu Zhou, 2024. "Hesitant or determined? The influence of social and environmental factors on settlement decision-making of rural in-migrants: evidence from Dali, China," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-12, December.
    6. Cooray Arusha, 2014. "Do Low-Skilled Migrants Contribute More to Home Country Income? Evidence from South Asia," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 14(3), pages 1185-1212, July.
    7. Lourdes Benería & Carmen Diana Deere & Naila Kabeer, 2012. "Gender and International Migration: Globalization, Development, and Governance," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(2), pages 1-33, April.
    8. Livia Ortensi, 2015. "Engendering the fertility-migration nexus: The role of women's migratory patterns in the analysis of fertility after migration," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 32(53), pages 1435-1468.
    9. Lynda Pickbourn, 2018. "Rethinking Rural–Urban Migration and Women’s Empowerment in the Era of the SDGs: Lessons from Ghana," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-18, April.
    10. Aydemir, Abdurrahman B. & Kırdar, Murat Güray & Torun, Huzeyfe, 2022. "The effect of education on internal migration of young men and women: incidence, timing, and type of migration," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    11. Humera Sultana & Ambreen Fatima, 2017. "Factors influencing migration of female workers: a case of Bangladesh," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 7(1), pages 1-17, December.
    12. Mavis Dako-Gyeke, 2016. "Exploring the Migration Intentions of Ghanaian Youth: A Qualitative Study," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 17(3), pages 723-744, August.
    13. Ratha, Dilip & Mohapatra, Sanket & Scheja, Elina, 2011. "Impact of migration on economic and social development : a review of evidence and emerging issues," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5558, The World Bank.
    14. repec:msb:wpaper:2013-01 is not listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    gender; female migration; policy reform;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Z1 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics
    • J6 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers
    • O1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration

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