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La dualité dans la BITD

Author

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  • Sylvain Moura

    (Ministère des armées)

Abstract

Pour les entreprises productrices d'armement, la dualité peut se définir par la coexistence entre une production à destination militaire et une autre à destination civile. Cette coexistence est notamment encouragée par les pouvoirs publics. Sur le plan de la rentabilité économique, les entreprises peuvent compenser une baisse de l'activité militaire par un rebond de l'activité civile, et vice versa. Sur le plan technologique, il est attendu qu'elles tirent profit des deux productions pour innover, les découvertes réalisées dans le domaine militaire profitant à la recherche pour la production civile (spin-off) et réciproquement (spin-in) [Bellais et Guichard, 2006 ; Acosta et alii, 2011]. Cette orientation peut conduire à une intégration civile-militaire poussée, avec des processus de production caractérisés par une frontière de plus en plus floue entre les deux et, consécutivement, une mesure difficile de la production militaire par rapport à la production civile [Dunne, 1995]. Toutefois, la connaissance du taux de dépendance 1 des sociétés aux marchés militaires est un indicateur utile, s'agissant par exemple des politiques de reconversion. Il contribue à définir des critères d'intervention publique ou à déterminer l'ampleur des mesures de reconversion qui sont à mettre en oeuvre [Fontanel, 1994 ; Hooper et Cox, 1996]. Le suivi des taux de dépendance dans le temps représente aussi un indicateur de la recomposition du tissu industriel de l'armement. À terme, il permet de saisir les stratégies des entreprises à la suite d'évolution de la demande : quelles sont celles qui se diversifient ou, au contraire, celles qui restent très dépendantes à la production de défense ? Cet Ecodef propose un éclairage sur la dualité dans la base industrielle et technologique de défense (BITD) française. Il présente tout d'abord une population des entreprises de la BITD (partie 1). Il explique ensuite la façon dont est estimé leur chiffre d'affaires militaire (partie 2), utilisé pour donner une évaluation statistique de la dualité (partie 3).

Suggested Citation

  • Sylvain Moura, 2014. "La dualité dans la BITD," Post-Print halshs-04319831, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-04319831
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-04319831
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Keith Hartley & Todd Sandler (ed.), 2007. "Handbook of Defense Economics," Handbook of Defense Economics, Elsevier, edition 1, volume 2, number 1.
    2. Manuel Acosta & Daniel Coronado & Rosario Marin, 2011. "Potential Dual-Use Of Military Technology: Does Citing Patents Shed Light On This Process?," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(3), pages 335-349.
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