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Changement institutionnel, ouverture économique et arriération technologique : la Russie en transition

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  • Julien Vercueil

    (Inalco - Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales)

Abstract

Le processus de transition pose la question du changement de manière frontale, en liant la question de l'héritage à celle de la rupture. Cette liaison s'exprime particulièrement dans le domaine de la technologie : les pays en transition ont développé, tout au long de leur histoire socialiste, des systèmes techniques et productifs spécifiques. Ces systèmes ont pu s'implanter à l'abri d'une protection douanière très surveillée, qui a longtemps limité les possibilités d'échanges technologiques entre l'Est et l'Ouest. Pour ces pays, la question de l'interaction entre rupture technologique et changement institutionnel se double de celle de la confrontation du patrimoine technologique national aux systèmes techniques occidentaux. En cela, la question des relations entre changement institutionnel et technologie est inséparable de celle de l'ouverture à l'extérieur. Notre analyse s'appuie sur l'exemple de la Russie. La mise en œuvre de réformes radicales à partir de 1992 a précipité certaines évolutions apparues antérieurement, tout en provoquant d'autres ruptures (partie I). Le résultat des politiques menées est une trajectoire économique, technologique et institutionnelle propre à la Russie, irréductible à un hypothétique modèle défini pour toutes les économies en transition (Pagé et Vercueil, 2004). En Russie, elle se traduit par une accélération de l'obsolescence du patrimoine technologique national vis-à-vis des économies occidentales (partie II). La problématique actuellement défendue par les autorités russes, qui vise à favoriser un redéploiement technologique censé contenir le retard en matière de nouvelles technologies, nous incite à réfléchir sur les relations entre les changements institutionnels, la technologie et la dynamique économique (partie III).

Suggested Citation

  • Julien Vercueil, 2007. "Changement institutionnel, ouverture économique et arriération technologique : la Russie en transition," Post-Print halshs-01419850, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01419850
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-01419850
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Julien Vercueil, 2002. "Transition et ouverture de l'économie russe (1992-2002)," Post-Print halshs-01437846, HAL.
    2. Giovanni Dosi & Keith Pavitt & Luc Soete, 1990. "The Economics of Technical Change and International Trade," LEM Book Series, Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy, number dosietal-1990, November.
    3. Julien Vercueil & Jean-Pierre Pagé, 2004. "De la chute du Mur à la nouvelle Europe," Post-Print halshs-01437857, HAL.
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