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L'effet du RSA sur le taux de retour à l'emploi des allocataires. Une analyse en double différence selon le nombre et l'âge des enfants

Author

Listed:
  • Véronique Simonnet

    (CREG - Centre de recherche en économie de Grenoble - UPMF - Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2)

  • Elisabeth Danzin

    (CEE - Centre d'études de l'emploi - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Santé)

Abstract

Au 1er juin 2009, le revenu de solidarité active (RSA) s'est substitué au revenu minimum d'insertion (RMI), à l'allocation de parent isolé (API) et aux dispositifs associés d'aide financière à la reprise d'emploi avec pour principal objectif d'encourager l'exercice ou le retour à une activité professionnelle. L'étude se propose de vérifier si le RSA a rempli une partie de cet objectif en comparant, avant et après la réforme, les taux de retour en emploi des allocataires selon la composition familiale du foyer. Nous exploitons le fait qu'au sein de chaque configuration familiale (personne seule ou en couple), l'incitation financière à la reprise d'emploi a évolué différemment selon la présence et le nombre d'enfants. Après une analyse de cas type permettant de calculer, pour un certain nombre de configurations familiales, les gains financiers associés à la reprise d'un emploi dans le cadre des dispositifs RMI, API et RSA, des hypothèses quant au comportement d'activité des allocataires sont envisagées et une procédure de tests de ces hypothèses est proposée. On procède ensuite à des estimations des taux de retour en emploi par genre, séparées pour les personnes seules et les couples, afin de faire apparaitre, avec la méthode des doubles différences, des évolutions contrastées de ces taux selon le nombre d'enfants et l'âge du dernier. Les résultats obtenus à partir des données de la Caisse nationale des allocations familiales (Cnaf) recensant la très grande majorité des allocataires de novembre 2007 à mai 2011, suggèrent que la mise en place du RSA a contribué à augmenter le taux de retour en emploi des mères isolées et plus particulièrement celui des mères isolées ayant de jeunes enfants. S'ils ne mettent pas en évidence de réel effet du RSA sur l'emploi des hommes, ils confortent de plus l'idée d'une plus forte reprise d'emploi à temps partiel pour les femmes en couple.

Suggested Citation

  • Véronique Simonnet & Elisabeth Danzin, 2014. "L'effet du RSA sur le taux de retour à l'emploi des allocataires. Une analyse en double différence selon le nombre et l'âge des enfants," Post-Print halshs-01020260, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01020260
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    References listed on IDEAS

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