Entrepreneurship 4.0 and Success Factors in the Context of Industry 4.0: A literature review[Entrepreneuriat 4.0 et facteurs de succès dans le contexte de l'industrie 4.0 : Une revue de littérature]

Throughout the ages, industry has undergone profound transformations, evolving from mechanization (Industry 1.0) to electrification (Industry 2.0), and subsequently to digitalization (Industry 3.0). Today, we stand at the dawn of Industry 4.0, an era that integrates advanced digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and cyber-physical systems. This article examines the essential features of this new era, employing a methodological approach grounded in a comprehensive literature review. Marked by intelligent production, accelerated decision-making, and optimal resource utilization, Industry 4.0 places particular emphasis on sustainability and social responsibility. The associated challenges include adapting organizational structures and managing cybersecurity. The article also explores entrepreneurial dynamics in response to these advancements, thereby redefining business strategies and structures with a focus on technological innovation, enhanced product and service customization, and the development of interdisciplinary skills among employees. It is further emphasized that ecological sustainability plays a central role in both contemporary and future entrepreneurial contexts, with optimized resource management and significant waste reduction. Drawing on a rigorous literature review, we have identified several key dimensions critical to the success of entrepreneurship in the era of Industry 4.0, including organizational structure, human resources, innovation processes, personalized production, customer relationship management, technological advancements, and sustainability. Within this framework, we have formulated hypotheses and developed a conceptual model demonstrating that, to maintain their competitiveness, companies must adopt strategies encompassing these six dimensions.