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Le business-model entre théorie et pratique : quelle pertinence pour la start-up numérique ?

Author

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  • Rémi Raher

    (LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - Nantes Univ - IAE Nantes - Nantes Université - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Sociétés - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université)

Abstract

Dans la démarche entrepreneuriale, le business-model (BM) est directement concerné par la question de la création de valeur : quelle valeur veut-on produire (ou capter) et quels sont les moyens mis en œuvre pour y parvenir ? Mais malgré deux décennies de recherche académique et d'expérimentation empirique, force est de constater que le BM peine à se tourner vers l'avenir et à prendre en compte les exigences spécifiques des start-up numériques. Ces entreprises connaissent des schémas de création particuliers et des trajectoires de croissance inédites que la littérature n'a pas encore exploré par l'angle du business-model. En effet, on ne trouve pas de travaux spécifiques liés à son application sur ce terrain, qui constitue pourtant un terreau arable pour toute approche innovante. Cette communication propose donc de revenir sur le cadre de référence du BM afin de le mobiliser ensuite comme grille de lecture sur le terrain des pure-players numériques, en revenant notamment sur la question de la création de valeur et du partage de cette dernière. Cette analyse permettra d'illustrer les enjeux de modélisation de son projet et d'explicitation de la démarche entrepreneuriale puis de démontrer que, bien qu'il soit contesté en théorie comme en pratique et qu'il soit critiqué dans son utilité, le BM offre l'opportunité d'une démarche réflexive susceptible d'améliorations, notamment en intégrant plus de contextualisation et une nouvelle forme de plasticité, ainsi qu'une attente particulière aux problématiques de gouvernance. En soulignant le besoin de rapprocher la science du terrain, le BM est à la fois un concept fertile et un outil susceptible de redonner toute leur importance aux questionnements autour de la valeur produite et de la performance globale des entreprises, qui ne peuvent trouver leur réponse que dans le projet de l'entreprise.

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  • Rémi Raher, 2022. "Le business-model entre théorie et pratique : quelle pertinence pour la start-up numérique ?," Post-Print hal-04177249, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04177249
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    Keywords

    business model; start-up; économie numérique; gouvernance; performance globale;
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