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Unité et pluralité du cycle européen

Author

Listed:
  • Guilhem Bentoglio
  • Jacky Fayolle

    (Centre Etudes & Prospective - Groupe ALPHA)

  • Matthieu Lemoine

Abstract

Cet article mobilise une classe particulière de modèles à composantes inobservables pour s'intéresser au partage de la trajectoire des PIB des pays de la zone euro et de cette zone elle-même entre tendances de long terme et cycles conjoncturels, à partir de données trimestrielles couvrant l'ensemble des quatre décennies 1960 à 1990. L'attention est portée prioritairement sur la caractérisation des mouvements cycliques. Trois approches sont confrontées. Elles identifient respectivement les cycles européens à partir du PIB agrégé de la zone euro (comparativement aux cycles américains dans le cadre d'un modèle bivarié avec les États-Unis) ; à partir de l'agrégation des cycles nationaux extraits des modèles univariés propres à chaque pays de la zone ; enfin, à partir d'un modèle multivarié, qui regroupe l'ensemble des pays de la zone euro (moins le Luxembourg et l'Irlande) et qui permet d'assimiler le cycle agrégé de celle-ci à un cycle commun aux différents pays membres, engendré par des chocs de nature symétrique. La convergence entre les résultats de ces trois approches est satisfaisante et débouche ainsi sur une vision assez robuste du mouvement cyclique global de la zone euro. Le mouvement cyclique de cette zone apparaît cependant pluriel à un double titre : il mêle pour moitié environ des oscillations courtes, liées au comportement de stockage, et, pour l'autre moitié, des fluctuations plus lentes, qui recouvrent les rythmes fondamentaux de l'investissement ; les cycles nationaux des pays membres sont partiellement unifiés, mais pas encore réductibles à la composante commune qui transparaît dans le cycle agrégé du PIB européen. Cette composante commune et symétrique ne contribue que pour un tiers environ à l'ensemble des dynamiques cycliques nationales. Celles-ci restent marquées par l'impact de chocs asymétriques, qui sont à l'origine, d'une part, de la distinction entre un groupe « germanique » et un groupe « latin » et, d'autre part, d'une seconde distinction entre la France et le reste du groupe « latin ». Ces oppositions, souvent liées aux tensions de nature monétaire et financière entre pays européens, semblent progressivement s'atténuer, en dépit de résurgences prononcées, à la suite notamment de l'unification allemande. On peut cependant attendre de la réalisation de l'union monétaire la poursuite de cette atténuation. La définition d'un policy mix bien équilibré devrait néanmoins prendre en compte la pluralité persistante des cycles européens.

Suggested Citation

  • Guilhem Bentoglio & Jacky Fayolle & Matthieu Lemoine, 2001. "Unité et pluralité du cycle européen," Post-Print hal-03458556, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03458556
    DOI: 10.3917/reof.078.0009
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-03458556
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    4. Guilhem Bentoglio & Jacky Fayolle & Matthieu Lemoine, 2002. "La croissance européenne perturbée par un cycle de courte période," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 359(1), pages 83-100.
    5. Jérôme Creel & Jacky Fayolle, 2002. "La Banque centrale et l'Union monétaire européennes : les tribulations de la crédibilité," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(5), pages 211-244.
    6. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/2129 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/2942 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Agresti, Anna Maria & Mojon, Benoît, 2001. "Some stylised facts on the euro area business cycle," Working Paper Series 0095, European Central Bank.
    9. Matthieu Lemoine & Florian Pelgrin, 2003. "Introduction aux modèles espace-état et au filtre de Kalman," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 86(3), pages 203-229.
    10. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/2129 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Bouoiyour, Jamal & Ibourk, Aomar, 2005. "Le Cycle des affaires dans les pays MENA Une Application du Filtre Hodrick-Prescott [The Business Cycle in MENA Application of a Hodrick-Prescott Filter]," MPRA Paper 46115, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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    13. Fabrice Lenglart & Fabien Toutlemonde, 2002. "Mieux appréhender le climat conjoncturel de la zone euro," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 359(1), pages 69-81.
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    Keywords

    PIB; Zone euro;

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