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Structure des taux d'intérêt et mouvements cycliques des économies américaine et française

Author

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  • Jacky Fayolle
  • Alexandre Mathis

Abstract

[fre] Les indicateurs cycliques participent à la description des faits stylisés conjoncturels et permettent une mise en ordre des mouvements et des retournements des différentes variables économiques au sein de séquences typiques d'enchaînements conjoncturels. Ils concourent ainsi à la qualité du raisonnement conjoncturel et à la pertinence des prévisions associées. Leur usage prévisionnel reste cependant difficile et passe par leur intégration dans un raisonnement macroéconomique qui, mettant chaque indicateur à sa juste place, évite tout excès de confiance dans tel ou tel d'entre eux. Cette pratique saine ne devrait cependant pas empêcher de rechercher des règles permettant d'extraire plus rigoureusement et précisément l'information prévisionnelle contenue dans les indicateurs avancés. Ces règles de quantification peuvent bénéficier de l'apport de techniques économétriques d'analyse des séries temporelles qui s'avèrent adaptées à l'étude des phénomènes cycliques. L'introduction de variables exogènes dans les modèles structurels d'analyse cyclique offre ainsi un cadre intéressant pour tester la pertinence d'indicateurs avancés du PIB. Pour les Etats-Unis et la France, l'écart entre taux d'intérêt long et court fournit un tel indicateur avancé dont le caractère précurseur paraît semblable au sein de ces deux économies, bien que le caractère cyclique de la régulation monétaire conjoncturelle soit affirmé plus nettement et depuis plus longtemps aux Etats-Unis. Dans les deux pays, la prise en compte de l'indicateur avancé dans la modélisation du PIB révèle la présence d'une composante cyclique de période égale ou supérieure à la décennie, plus longue que celle du cycle conjoncturel stricto sensu anticipé par l'écart de taux. Cette composante supra-décennale paraît assimilable à un cycle d'accumulation. L'usage prévisionnel des modèles ainsi estimés est soumis à précautions. Ce ne peut être un cadre autosuffisant pour l'activité prévisionnelle du conjoncturiste mais c'est un outil, parmi d'autres, de cette activité, qui est susceptible de fournir des indications utiles sur la proximité des retournements à venir et les facteurs qui y concourent. [eng] Interest rates structure and cyclical behaviour of american and french economies Jacky Fayolle, Alexandre Mathis The cyclical indicators contribute to the description of the business cycles' stylised facts. They help classify the movements and turning points of the different economic variables in typical business cycles. But their forecasting power is not easily released and needs an integration in a macroeconomic framework. Nevertheless, it is possible to build rules for extracting the predictive information contained in the leading indicators. These rules benefit by time series models adapted to the analysis of cyclical phenomenons. Introducing exogenous variables in such structural time series models constitutes a useful framework for testing the relevance of GDP's leading indicators. For USA and France, the spread between long-term and short-term interest rates is such a leading indicator. Its leading behaviour is similar for these two countries, although the cyclical pattern of the monetary policy is clearer and more stable in the USA. In both countries, taking into account this spread in the model of GDP reveals the presence of a cyclical component with a period equal or superior to ten years. This component seems akin to an accumulation cycle. Using such estimated models to forecasting needs caveats. The framework is not selfsufficient but may belong to the tool-box. In particular it may provide useful signals in advance of turning points, and contribute to their understanding.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacky Fayolle & Alexandre Mathis, 1994. "Structure des taux d'intérêt et mouvements cycliques des économies américaine et française," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 49(1), pages 125-148.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1994_num_49_1_1364
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1994.1364
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1994.1364
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