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Are the French CTEs (farming territorial contracts) an efficiency policy tool ?

Author

Listed:
  • Pierre Dupraz

    (ESR - Unité de recherche d'Économie et Sociologie Rurales - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique)

  • Michel Pech

    (SMART-LERECO - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AGROCAMPUS OUEST)

  • Pierre Rainelli

Abstract

Avec la prime à l'herbe, les contrats territoriaux d'exploitation (CTE) fournissent deux exemples contrastés de l'originalité française en matière de politiques agro-environnementales (PAE) mises en oeuvre sur la dernière décennie. Ces politiques sont justifiées par l'existence d'externalités d'origine agricole ayant une nature de biens publics. La réussite de leur internalisation suppose celles de l'expression de la demande sociale pour ces biens au niveau territorial approprié, de la maîtrise des relations techniques entre productions marchandes et non marchandes, de l'élaboration et de la mise en oeuvre des politiques et de leurs dispositifs d'application. Ces différents aspects sont décrits et comparés pour les PAE françaises. Il ressort de l'analyse que les CTE, dont le contenu contractuel est défini exploitation par exploitation en associant des aides à l'investissement et aux engagements environnementaux, favoriseraient l'expression des économies de gamme entre les diverses productions non marchandes et avec les productions marchandes au niveau des exploitations agricoles. En revanche, les conditions concrètes de mise en oeuvre des CTE ne permettent que rarement d'atteindre, pour un service non marchand donné, la masse critique nécessaire à un impact environnemental significatif au niveau territorial pertinent. Cela est dû à trois facteurs. La faiblesse globale de la contractualisation est liée à la lourdeur et à l'instabilité des procédures administratives, génératrices de coûts privés d'administration constituant des barrières à l'entrée pour les exploitations les plus petites et les moins insérées dans les réseaux professionnels. L'absence d'évaluation ex ante des besoins en moyens administratifs s'est traduite par des goulots d'étranglement à divers niveaux de l'élaboration et de la mise en oeuvre des CTE, avec une piètre capitalisation des expériences antérieures. L'accès possible de tous les agriculteurs à toutes les actions environnementales retenues par la "synthèse régionale", en général plus d'une centaine, a conduit à une dispersion dommageable des efforts environnementaux des contractants. Ce dernier aspect est lié à un poids important des réseaux agricoles départementaux dans l'élaboration des actions et la définition des enjeux environnementaux, par rapport à celui d'autres acteurs tels que les collectivités territoriales.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre Dupraz & Michel Pech & Pierre Rainelli, 2003. "Are the French CTEs (farming territorial contracts) an efficiency policy tool ?," Post-Print hal-01931660, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01931660
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-01931660
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Philippe Berthelot & Vincent Chatellier & François Colson, 1999. "L'impact des mesures agri-environnementales sur le revenu des exploitations agricoles françaises," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 249(1), pages 19-26.
    2. Katherine Falconer & Pierre Dupraz & Martin Whitby, 2001. "An Investigation of Policy Administrative Costs Using Panel Data for the English Environmentally Sensitive Areas," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(1), pages 83-103, January.
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    1. Pierre Dupraz & Karine Latouche & Francois Bonnieux, 2004. "Economic implications of scale and threshold effects in agri-environmental processes," Post-Print hal-01931556, HAL.
    2. Francois Bonnieux & Yann Desjeux & Pierre Dupraz & Karine Latouche & Michel Pech, 2004. "State of the art and methods: report on France," Working Papers hal-02828684, HAL.

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