IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/fip/fedgfe/2024-72.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Determinants of Recent CRE Distress: Implications for the Banking Sector

Author

Abstract

Rising interest rates and structural shifts in the demand for space have strained CRE markets and prompted concern about contagion to the largest CRE debt holder: banks. We use confidential loan-level data on bank CRE portfolios to examine banks' exposure to at-risk CRE loans. We investigate (1) what loan characteristics are associated with delinquency and (2) to what extent the portfolio composition of major CRE lenders determines their exposure to losses. Higher LTVs, larger property sizes, and greater local remote work tendencies are all associated with increased delinquency risk, particularly for office loans. We use several machine learning algorithms to demonstrate that variation in exposure to these risk factors can account for most of the performance disparity across different types of CRE lenders. The headline result is that small banks' comparatively modest delinquency rates mostly reflect observable portfolio characteristics---predominantly their low holdings of large-sized office loans---rather than unobserved factors like extension or modification tendencies.

Suggested Citation

  • David P. Glancy & Robert J. Kurtzman, 2024. "Determinants of Recent CRE Distress: Implications for the Banking Sector," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2024-072, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
  • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedgfe:2024-72
    DOI: 10.17016/FEDS.2024.072
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/files/2024072pap.pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.17016/FEDS.2024.072?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. David Glancy & Robert Kurtzman & Lara Loewenstein & Joseph Nichols, 2023. "Recourse as shadow equity: Evidence from commercial real estate loans," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 51(5), pages 1108-1136, September.
    2. David Glancy & Robert Kurtzman, 2022. "How Do Capital Requirements Affect Loan Rates? Evidence from High Volatility Commercial Real Estate," The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 11(1), pages 88-127.
    3. An, Xudong & Deng, Yongheng & Gabriel, Stuart A., 2011. "Asymmetric information, adverse selection, and the pricing of CMBS," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(2), pages 304-325, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. David Glancy & John R. Krainer & Robert J. Kurtzman & Joseph B. Nichols, 2022. "Intermediary Segmentation in the Commercial Real Estate Market," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 54(7), pages 2029-2080, October.
    2. Reher, Michael, 2021. "Finance and the supply of housing quality," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(1), pages 357-376.
    3. Ambrocio, Gene & Hasan, Iftekhar & Jokivuolle, Esa & Ristolainen, Kim, 2020. "Are bank capital requirements optimally set? Evidence from researchers’ views," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    4. Dominika Ehrenbergerová & Martin Hodula & Zuzana Gric, 2022. "Does capital-based regulation affect bank pricing policy?," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 61(2), pages 135-167, April.
    5. Günter Franke, 2013. "Known Unknowns in Verbriefungen," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 65(67), pages 1-34, January.
    6. Agarwal, Sumit & Chang, Yan & Yavas, Abdullah, 2012. "Adverse selection in mortgage securitization," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(3), pages 640-660.
    7. Marques, Manuel O. & Pinto, João M., 2020. "A comparative analysis of ex ante credit spreads: Structured finance versus straight debt finance," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    8. Sascha Tobias Wengerek & Benjamin Hippert & André Uhde, 2019. "Risk allocation through securitization - Evidence from non-performing loans," Working Papers Dissertations 58, Paderborn University, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics.
    9. Jaume Roig Hernando, 2016. "Humanizing Finance by Hedging Property Values," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-11, June.
    10. Larry Cordell & Michael R. Roberts & Michael Schwert, 2023. "CLO Performance," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 78(3), pages 1235-1278, June.
    11. Xudong An & Sadok El Ghoul & Omrane Guedhami & Ross Levine & Raluca Roman, 2023. "Social Capital and Mortgages," Working Papers 23-23, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
    12. Nils Boesel & C.J.M. Kool & S. Lugo, 2016. "Do European Banks with a Covered Bond Program still issue Asset-Backed Securities for funding?," Working Papers 16-03, Utrecht School of Economics.
    13. Fabio Panetta & Alberto Franco Pozzolo, 2018. "Why do banks securitise their assets? Bank-level evidence from over one hundred countries in the pre-crisis period," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 1183, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    14. João M. Pinto & Mafalda C. Correia, 2017. "Are Covered Bonds Different from Asset Securitization Bonds?," Working Papers de Gestão (Management Working Papers) 01, Católica Porto Business School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa.
    15. Gong, Di & Wu, Jin & Zhu, Jigao, 2023. "When banks' shadow fades and shadow banking rises: Securitization and loan performance in China," BOFIT Discussion Papers 4/2023, Bank of Finland Institute for Emerging Economies (BOFIT).
    16. Andrew Felton & Joseph B Nichols, 2012. "Welcome remarks," BIS Papers chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Commercial real estate loan performance at failed US banks, volume 64, pages 19-24, Bank for International Settlements.
    17. Linus Wilson, 2022. "Toxic Asset Subsidies and the Early Redemption of TALF Loans," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-20, March.
    18. Lamont Black & John Krainer & Joseph Nichols, 2017. "From Origination to Renegotiation: A Comparison of Portfolio and Securitized Commercial Real Estate Loans," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 55(1), pages 1-31, July.
    19. Adelino, Manuel & Gerardi, Kristopher & Hartman-Glaser, Barney, 2019. "Are lemons sold first? Dynamic signaling in the mortgage market," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(1), pages 1-25.
    20. Frank Packer & Timothy Riddiough, 2012. "Securitisation and the Commercial Property Cycle," RBA Annual Conference Volume (Discontinued), in: Alexandra Heath & Frank Packer & Callan Windsor (ed.),Property Markets and Financial Stability, Reserve Bank of Australia.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Commercial real estate; Banks; CMBS;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • R33 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:fip:fedgfe:2024-72. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Ryan Wolfslayer ; Keisha Fournillier (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/frbgvus.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.