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The Welfare Effects of Bank Liquidity and Capital Requirements

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Abstract

The stringency of bank liquidity and capital requirements should depend on their social costs and benefits. This paper investigates their welfare effects and quantifies their welfare costs using sufficient statistics. The special role of banks as liquidity providers is embedded in an otherwise standard general equilibrium growth model. Capital and liquidity requirements mitigate moral hazard from deposit insurance, which, if unchecked, can lead to excessive credit and liquidity risk at banks. However, these regulations are also costly because they reduce the ability of banks to create net liquidity and can distort investment. Equilibrium asset returns reveal the strength of demand for liquidity, yielding two simple sufficient statistics that express the welfare cost of each requirement as a function of observable variables only. Based on U.S. data, the welfare cost of a 10 percent liquidity requirement is equivalent to a permanent loss in consumption of about 0.02%, a modest impact. Even using a conservative estimate, the cost of a similarly-sized increase in the capital requirement is roughly ten times as large. Even so, optimal policy relies on both requirements, as the financial stability benefits of capital requirements are found to be broader.

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  • Skander J. Van den Heuvel, 2022. "The Welfare Effects of Bank Liquidity and Capital Requirements," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2022-072, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedgfe:2022-72
    DOI: 10.17016/FEDS.2022.072
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    Cited by:

    1. Miller, Steph & Hoarty, Blake, 2020. "On Regulation and Excess Reserves: The Case of Basel III," Working Papers 10243, George Mason University, Mercatus Center.
    2. Dirk Niepelt, 2024. "Money and Banking with Reserves and CBDC," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 79(4), pages 2505-2552, August.
    3. Amira Hakim & Eleftherios Thalassinos, 2021. "Risk Sharing, Macro-Prudential Policy and Welfare in an Overlapping Generations Model (OLG) Economy," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(4B), pages 585-611.
    4. Hibiki Ichiue & Jean-Guillaume Sahuc & Yasin Mimir & Jolan Mohimont & Kalin Nikolov & Olivier de Bandt & Sigrid Roehrs & Valério Scalone & Michael Straughan & Bora Durdu, 2022. "Assessing the Impact of Basel III: Evidence from Structural Macroeconomic Models," Working Papers hal-04159816, HAL.
    5. Rezende, Marcelo & Styczynski, Mary-Frances & Vojtech, Cindy M., 2021. "The Effects of Liquidity Regulation on Bank Demand in Monetary Policy Operations," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 46(C).
    6. Stephen Matteo Miller & Blake Hoarty, 2021. "On regulation and excess reserves: The case of Basel III," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 44(2), pages 215-247, June.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Capital requirements; Convenience yields; Banking; Welfare; Liquidity requirements; Sufficient statistics;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy

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