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Approche Multidimensionnelle de la Pauvreté: Présentation Théorique et Application au cas de la Ville de Marrakech

Author

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  • Touhami Abdelkhalek

    (Institut national de statistique et d’économie appliquée Rabat, Maroc)

  • Ejjanoui

Abstract

L’étude de la pauvreté au Maroc s’est toujours appuyée sur l’approche dite monétaire préconisée par la Banque mondiale. Pour approcher le phénomène de la pauvreté, la Direction de Statistique n’utilise que les dépenses de consommation. Cependant, cette approche a fait preuve de ses limites du fait de son caractère unidimensionnel. Ces dernières années, un consensus universel s’est constitué. Il consiste à traiter la pauvreté comme une privation multiple. Il stipule qu’il est important de tenir compte de dimensions monétaires et non monétaires dans l’analyse et la mesure de la pauvreté. Dans ce sens, la présente recherche se base sur les données brutes du Recensement général de la population et de l’habitat (RGPH) de 2004, pour approcher et mesurer la pauvreté multidimensionnelle en milieu urbain dans l’une des principales villes du Maroc (Marrakech). Il s’agit, plus précisément, de construire un indicateur composite de la pauvreté (ICP) pour chaque ménage concerné. Cet indicateur permet d’élaborer une carte de la pauvreté multidimensionnelle (non monétaire) au niveau des six communes urbaines de la ville de Marrakech. Sur le plan méthodologique, nous avons utilisé, de façon complémentaire, des méthodes statistiques avancées : l’analyse des correspondances multiples (ACM) et deux méthodes de classification (la classification ascendante hiérarchique (CAH) et une méthode de partition). Les résultats obtenus font ressortir une forte disparité, en termes de pauvreté non monétaire, entre les communes de la ville en 2004. Selon le cas étudié en détail, l’étendue entre la commune qui couvrirait le moins de pauvres (Gueliz) et celle qui abriterait le plus de plus de pauvres (Annakhil) est de 18,40 points de pourcentage. Ces résultats sont aussi largement différents en termes d’incidence de ceux obtenus par le Haut Commissariat au Plan (HCP) à travers la carte de pauvreté basée sur une approche monétaire pour la même année (2004).

Suggested Citation

  • Touhami Abdelkhalek & Ejjanoui, 2010. "Approche Multidimensionnelle de la Pauvreté: Présentation Théorique et Application au cas de la Ville de Marrakech," Working Papers 513, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 Jan 2010.
    • Handle: RePEc:erg:wpaper:513
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maria-Noel Pi Alperin & Françoise Seyte & Michel Terraza, 2005. "Mesure multidimensionnelle de la pauvreté en Argentine," Working Papers 05-03, LAMETA, Universtiy of Montpellier, revised Jan 2005.
    2. Foster, James & Greer, Joel & Thorbecke, Erik, 1984. "A Class of Decomposable Poverty Measures," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 52(3), pages 761-766, May.
    3. François Bourguignon & Satya R. Chakravarty, 2019. "The Measurement of Multidimensional Poverty," Themes in Economics, in: Satya R. Chakravarty (ed.), Poverty, Social Exclusion and Stochastic Dominance, pages 83-107, Springer.
    4. Sami Bibi & Abdel-Rahmen El Lahga, 2006. "Les mesures multidimensionnelles de la pauvreté: une application sur l'Afrique du Sud et l'Égypte," Cahiers de recherche 0639, CIRPEE.
    5. Bibi, Sami, 2005. "Measuring Poverty in a Multidimensional Perspective: a Review of Literature," Working Papers PMMA 2005-07, PEP-PMMA.
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    1. Feubi Pamen, Eric Patrick & Gankou, Jean Marie & Emini, Arnault Christian, 2010. "Dynamique de la pauvreté non monétaire au Cameroun entre 2001 et 2007: analyse en correspondances multiples et tests de dominance stochastique [Dynamic of non monetary poverty in Cameroon between 2," MPRA Paper 32701, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Brahim Elmorchid & Noha Samy & Khalid Sekkat & Jay Squalli, 2013. "Arab Passengers' Airlines Framework And Performance: A Cross Countries Analysis," Middle East Development Journal (MEDJ), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 5(02), pages 1-21.
    3. Noha S. Omar & Khalid Sekkat, 2012. "Egypt Airline Passengers Market: Competition and Performance," Working Papers 669, Economic Research Forum, revised 2012.
    4. Brahim Morchid & Khalid Sekkat, 2012. "Moroccan Passenger Airlines Framework and Performance," Working Papers 725, Economic Research Forum, revised 2012.

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