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Time variation in the tail behaviour of bunds futures returns

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  • Upper, Christian
  • Werner, Thomas

Abstract

The present paper focuses on three questions: (i) Are heavy tails a relevant feature of the distribution of BUND futures returns? (ii) Is the tail behaviour constant over time? (iii) If it is not, can we use the tail index as an indicator for financial market risk and does it add value in addition to classical indicators? The answers to these questions are (i) yes, (ii) no, and (iii) yes. The tail index is on average around 3, implying the nonexistence of the fourth moments. A recently developed test for changes in the tail behaviour indicated several breaks in the degree of heaviness of the return tails. Interestingly, the tails of the return distribution do not move in parallel to realised volatility. This suggests that the tails of futures returns contain information for risk management that complements that gained from more standard statistical measures. JEL Classification: C14, G13

Suggested Citation

  • Upper, Christian & Werner, Thomas, 2002. "Time variation in the tail behaviour of bunds futures returns," Working Paper Series 199, European Central Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:2002199
    Note: 336092
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    File URL: https://www.ecb.europa.eu//pub/pdf/scpwps/ecbwp199.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Onofrio Panzarino & Francesco Potente & Alfonso Puorro, 2016. "BTP futures and cash relationships: a high frequency data analysis," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 1083, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    2. John Cotter & Kevin Dowd, 2010. "Estimating financial risk measures for futures positions: A nonparametric approach," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(7), pages 689-703, July.
    3. Lux, Thomas & Alfarano, Simone, 2016. "Financial power laws: Empirical evidence, models, and mechanisms," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 3-18.
    4. Helena Chuliá & Hipòlit Torró, 2008. "The economic value of volatility transmission between the stock and bond markets," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(11), pages 1066-1094, November.
    5. Marco Rocco, 2011. "Extreme value theory for finance: a survey," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 99, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    6. Fendel, Ralf & Neumann, Christian, 2021. "Tail risk in the European sovereign bond market during the financial crises: Detecting the influence of the European Central Bank," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    7. Palumbo, D., 2021. "Testing and Modelling Time Series with Time Varying Tails," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2111, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    8. Daniele Massacci, 2017. "Tail Risk Dynamics in Stock Returns: Links to the Macroeconomy and Global Markets Connectedness," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 63(9), pages 3072-3089, September.
    9. Demosthenes Tambakis, 2009. "Feedback trading and intermittent market turbulence," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(4), pages 477-489.
    10. Wu, Ying, 2019. "Asset pricing with extreme liquidity risk," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 143-165.
    11. Andria, Joseph & di Tollo, Giacomo & Kalda, Jaan, 2022. "The predictive power of power-laws: An empirical time-arrow based investigation," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    12. Grobys, Klaus, 2023. "Correlation versus co-fractality: Evidence from foreign-exchange-rate variances," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    13. Belkhir, Mohamed & Saad, Mohsen & Samet, Anis, 2020. "Stock extreme illiquidity and the cost of capital," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    14. Straetmans, Stefan & Candelon, Bertrand, 2013. "Long-term asset tail risks in developed and emerging markets," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(6), pages 1832-1844.
    15. Qin, Yiyi & Cai, Jun & Wang, James J.D. & Webb, Robert I., 2023. "Gold-mining stocks, risk factors, and tail patterns," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Extreme value theory; futures returns; risk management; Tail index;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C14 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
    • G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing

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