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Une conception néo-poppérienne de l'explication en sciences sociales et ses difficultés internes

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  • Mongin, Philippe

    (HEC Paris)

Abstract

Résumé d'article. L'article examine et conteste la conception néo-poppérienne de l'explication en sciences sociales que propose Maurice Lagueux dans son ouvrage Rationality and Explanation in Economics (2010). Inspiré par l'article célèbre de Popper (1967) sur le principe de rationalité, Lagueux fait de celui-ci le centre de toutes les explications en sciences sociales, en y incluant celles de l'économie néo-classique. Reprenant l'un des exemples de Lagueux, celui des biens Giffen, on montrera que le principe de rationalité n'est ni nécessaire, ni suffisant à l'explication en science sociale. On écartera aussi comme non probant le recours à la "logique de la situation", qui est un autre emprunt de Lagueux à Popper. Déjà ébauchée par Mongin (2001), la thèse positive sous-jacente à ces objections est que le principe de rationalité, loin d'unifier les sciences sociales, est un marqueur de leurs différences. L'économie fait reposer ses explications sur des principes spécifiques, comme celui de l'optimisation sous contraintes, alors que les autres sciences sociales se satisfont généralement de raisonnements fondés sur le principe de rationalité seulement.

Suggested Citation

  • Mongin, Philippe, 2012. "Une conception néo-poppérienne de l'explication en sciences sociales et ses difficultés internes," HEC Research Papers Series 960, HEC Paris.
    • Handle: RePEc:ebg:heccah:0960
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mongin, Philippe, 1992. "L'optimisation est-elle un critère de rationalité individuelle ?," LIDAM Discussion Papers IRES 1993001, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
    2. Philippe Mongin, 1984. "Modèle rationnel ou modèle économique de la rationalité ?," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 35(1), pages 9-64.
    3. Philippe Mongin, 2002. "Le principe de rationalité et l'unité des sciences sociales," Revue économique, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 53(2), pages 301-323.
    4. Mas-Colell, Andreu & Whinston, Michael D. & Green, Jerry R., 1995. "Microeconomic Theory," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780195102680.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jean Baccelli & Marcus Pivato, 2021. "Philippe Mongin (1950–2020)," Theory and Decision, Springer, vol. 90(1), pages 1-9, February.

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