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Modèle rationnel ou modèle économique de la rationalité ?

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  • Philippe Mongin

Abstract

[fre] Cet article vise, à la fois, à discuter les modèles de rationalité « limitée » ou a procédurale » de H. Simon et à proposer une réponse à la question : la modélisation « économique » de la rationalité (entendue au sens de la maximisation par l'agent de son utilité espérée) fournit-elle la théorie générale de la rationalité individuelle ou seulement une version spécifique de celle-ci ? On montre que les modèles de Simon constituent l'ébauche d'une théorie de la rationalité logiquement irréductible à la modélisation « économique » et mieux adaptée qu'elle à la prise en compte des différents coûts de recherche internes à la décision. Ainsi se trouve conforté le point de vue « dualiste » suivant lequel il faut distinguer entre l'énoncé générique du principe de rationalité et les modèles spécifiques, irréductibles les uns aux autres, qui peuvent se réclamer de lui avec les mêmes droits. L'article conclut à la nécessité de réapprécier les formulations et justifications méthodologiques traditionnelles du principe de rationalité à la lumière de cette distinction du genre et de l'espèce. [eng] a negative answer to the above question. A generic, possibly trivial, principle of rationality has to be put forward and clearly distinguished from varions specific models, such as Simon's or the classical one, none of which can exhaust its logical content. It is further claimed that such a « dualist » viewpoint has sortie relevance to the time-honored justification of rational models as ideal types by Weber and Popper and many others, which could very well break down altogether.

Suggested Citation

  • Philippe Mongin, 1984. "Modèle rationnel ou modèle économique de la rationalité ?," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 35(1), pages 9-64.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1984_num_35_1_408767
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1984.408767
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1984.408767
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stigler, George J., 2011. "Economics of Information," Ekonomicheskaya Politika / Economic Policy, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, vol. 5, pages 35-49.
    2. Sidney G. Winter, 1964. "Economic "Natural Selection" and the Theory of the Firm," LEM Chapters Series, in: Yale Economic Essays, pages 225-272, Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
    3. Sidney G. Winter, 1971. "Satisficing, Selection, and the Innovating Remnant," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 85(2), pages 237-261.
    4. Simon, Herbert A, 1979. "Rational Decision Making in Business Organizations," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 69(4), pages 493-513, September.
    5. Herbert A. Simon, 1978. "On How to Decide What to Do," Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 9(2), pages 494-507, Autumn.
    6. Stigler, George J & Becker, Gary S, 1977. "De Gustibus Non Est Disputandum," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 67(2), pages 76-90, March.
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    1. BEJEAN, Sophie & MIDY, Fabienne & PEYRON, Christine, 1999. "La rationalité simonienne : Interprétations et enjeux épistémologiques," LATEC - Document de travail - Economie (1991-2003) 1999-14, LATEC, Laboratoire d'Analyse et des Techniques EConomiques, CNRS UMR 5118, Université de Bourgogne.
    2. Mongin, P., 1998. "Does Optimization Imply Rationality?," Papers 9817, Paris X - Nanterre, U.F.R. de Sc. Ec. Gest. Maths Infor..
    3. Daniel Dufourt, 1993. "L'économie politique," Post-Print halshs-01273102, HAL.
    4. Jacques-François Thisse & Antoine Billot, 1995. "Modèles de choix individuels discrets : théorie et applications à la micro-économie," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 46(3), pages 921-931.
    5. Mongin, Philippe, 2012. "Une conception néo-poppérienne de l'explication en sciences sociales et ses difficultés internes," HEC Research Papers Series 960, HEC Paris.
    6. Alexandre Chirat & Michaël Assous & Olivier Brette & Judith Favereau, 2022. "Herbert Simon’s experience at the Cowles Commission (1947–1954)," EconomiX Working Papers 2022-11, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
    7. Sophie Massin, 2008. "The notion of addiction in economics and its challenge to the theory of rational choice [La notion d'addiction en économie : la théorie du choix rationnel à l'épreuve]," Post-Print halshs-00331284, HAL.
    8. Olivier Brette & Nathalie Lazaric & Victor Vieira da Silva, 2017. "Habit, decision making, and rationality : comparing Veblen and early Herbert Simon," Post-Print halshs-01310305, HAL.
    9. Laurent Thévenot, 1989. "Équilibre et rationalité dans un univers complexe," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 40(2), pages 147-198.

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