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Arbeitszeitrealitäten und Arbeitszeitwünsche in Deutschland: methodische Unterschiede ihrer Erfassung im SOEP und Mikrozensus

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  • Elke Holst
  • Julia Bringmann

Abstract

There is renewed public debate in Germany on working hours and their regulation. Often studies using data from the Mikrozensus or Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) provide the empirical basis for discussion, but the two studies differ—in some cases substantially—in their results (Rengers 2015, Holst/Wieber 2014). This article looks at the reasons for these differences. Adapting SOEP data to the structure of employee groups in the Mikrozensus and the definitions proposed by Rengers (2015) would overcome only some of the differences. Our initial estimates of the potential impacts of differences in the survey instruments provide important insights. We conclude that the Mikrozensus tends to underestimate the percentage of overemployed workers and thus also underestimates the overall percentage of employed people with discrepancies in working hours. The SOEP does not ask respondents specifically about desired working hours in relation to their employment in second jobs. To what extent this affects the discrepancies in working hours remains unclear. Results based on the SOEP probably represent an upper limit. In both surveys, the questions on desired working hours should also be adapted to address: (1) the extent to which earnings adjustments are being overlooked or misunderstood, (2) the extent to which future plans are being taken into consideration in survey responses, and (3) the extent to which agreed or actual working hours are being selected as anchor points for more or fewer desired working hours. Die Debatte um Arbeitszeiten und deren Regulierung wird in der deutschen Öffentlichkeit erneut geführt. Empirische Grundlage sind dabei häufig Studien auf Basis des Mikrozensus oder des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP), die teilweise erhebliche Unterschiede in ihren Ergebnissen aufweisen (Rengers 2015, Holst/Wieber 2014). In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird den Ursachen für diese Unterschiede nachgegangen. Eine Anpassung der SOEP-Daten an die Strukturder Beschäftigtengruppen des Mikrozensus und den Definitionen und Abgrenzungen von Rengers (2015) führt nur teilweise zu einer Annäherung der Ergebnisse. Erst Berechnungen zu „potenziellen“ Auswirkungen von Unterschieden in den Erhebungsinstrumenten geben entscheidende Hinweise. So kommen wir zu der Einschätzung, dass mit dem Mikrozensus der Anteil der Überbeschäftigten und damit einhergehend der Anteil der Erwerbstätigen mit Arbeitszeitdiskrepanzen insgesamt eher unterschätzt wird. Im SOEP werden die Arbeitszeitwünsche bezogen auf Nebenerwerbstätigkeit nicht spezifisch erfasst. In welchem Maße dies die Arbeitszeitdiskrepanzen beeinflusst, bleibt noch offen. Die Ergebnisse auf Basis des SOEP dürften eher eine Obergrenze darstellen. In beiden Surveys ist bei den Fragen zur gewünschten Arbeitszeit zudem noch zu klären, (1) inwieweit die Aufforderung zur Verdienstanpassung überlesen oder sogar missverstanden wird, (2) inwieweit auch zukünftige Zeiträume bei der Beantwortung mitgedacht und (3) inwiefern vereinbarte oder tatsächliche Arbeitszeit als Ankerpunkte gewählt werden.

Suggested Citation

  • Elke Holst & Julia Bringmann, 2016. "Arbeitszeitrealitäten und Arbeitszeitwünsche in Deutschland: methodische Unterschiede ihrer Erfassung im SOEP und Mikrozensus," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 859, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwsop:diw_sp859
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Franziska Zimmert, 2023. "Early child care and the employment potential of mothers: evidence from semi-parametric difference-in-differences estimation," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 57(1), pages 1-22, December.
    2. Verena Tobsch & Elke Holst, 2019. "Potenziale unfreiwilliger Teilzeit in Deutschland," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 1032, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    3. Zimmert, Franziska, 2019. "Early child care and maternal employment: empirical evidence from Germany," IAB-Discussion Paper 201902, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    4. Zimmert, Franziska, 2019. "Early child care and maternal employment: empirical evidence from Germany," VfS Annual Conference 2019 (Leipzig): 30 Years after the Fall of the Berlin Wall - Democracy and Market Economy 203528, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    5. Wanger, Susanne, 2017. "What makes employees satisfied with their working time? : The role of working hours, time-sovereignty and working conditions for working time and job satisfaction," IAB-Discussion Paper 201720, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    6. Weber, Enzo & Zimmert, Franziska, 2017. "The creation and resolution of working hour discrepancies over the life course," IAB-Discussion Paper 201729, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    7. Schneider, Roland, 2018. "Innovative Arbeitszeitpolitik im Dienstleistungssektor: Antworten der Dienstleistungsgewerkschaften auf arbeitszeitpolitische Herausforderungen," Working Paper Forschungsförderung 091, Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Düsseldorf.
    8. Verena Tobsch & Wenzel Matiaske & Elke Holst & Tanja Schmidt & Hartmut Seifert, 2018. "Mehr oder weniger arbeiten? Es kommt darauf an, wie man fragt: Methodische Aspekte der Präferenzmessung gewünschter Arbeitszeiten," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 960, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    9. Theresa Markefke & Rebekka Rehm, 2020. "Macroeconomic Determinants of Involuntary Part-Time Employment in Germany," Working Paper Series in Economics 103, University of Cologne, Department of Economics.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    SOEP; Mikrozensus; Arbeitszeiten; Arbeitszeitwünsche; Unterbeschäftigung; Überbeschäftigung; Arbeitszeitdivergenzen; Erhebungsinstrumente; Methoden; working time; desired working time; underemployment; overemployment; discrepancies in working hours; survey methods;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C83 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Survey Methods; Sampling Methods
    • J00 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General - - - General
    • J01 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General - - - Labor Economics: General
    • J08 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General - - - Labor Economics Policies
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply

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