IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/dia/wpaper/dt200404.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

The effect of economic crisis on youth precariousness in Nairobi. An analysis of itinerary to adulthood of three generations of men and women

Author

Listed:
  • Alfred O. Agwanda

    (Université de Nairobi)

  • Philippe Bocquier

    (DIAL, IRD)

  • Anne Khasakhala

    (Université de Nairobi)

  • Samuel Owuor

    (Université de Nairobi)

Abstract

(english) Since the pioneer analysis of the labour market by the ILO team in the early 1970s, the NUrIP, which collected about 1,600 biographies among a sample of the Nairobi adult population, is the first to provide for a comprehensive view of the social, demographic and employment situation of Nairobi. The analyses draw a picture of surprising stability of the process of entry into adult life in Nairobi. The timing of events remains the same and most of the delay experienced by the younger generation can be attributed to the economic crisis of the 90s. The city of Nairobi is first and foremost the main formal labour market in Kenya. This characteristic that traces back into colonial time vastly influences the model of circular migration between the hinterland and the city and also the household and family formation. Whereas employment is clearly the key to entry into adult life for men, it plays a marginal role for women. That might explain why the Nairobi labour market reacted to the economic crisis of the 90s by rejecting females. Gender differences are more striking than differences by generation or by social or geographical origin. Discrimination against women on the Nairobi labour market should be seriously considered as an explanation for their declining labour participation. _________________________________ (français) Depuis l’analyse pionnière sur le marché de l’emploi menée par le BIT au début des années 1970, le NUrIP, qui a recueilli près de 1.600 biographies auprès d’un échantillon de la population adulte de Nairobi, est la première opération à offrir une vue globale de l’emploi et de la situation sociodémographique à Nairobi. Les analyses dressent l’image d’une surprenante stabilité du processus d’entrée dans la vie adulte à Nairobi. Le calendrier des évènements reste le même et le retard peut être expliqué essentiellement par la crise économique des années 1990. La ville de Nairobi joue d’abord et avant tout le rôle du principal marché de l’emploi formel au Kenya. Cette caractéristique, qui remonte aux temps coloniaux, influence considérablement le modèle de migration circulaire entre la ville et l’intérieur du pays, ainsi que la formation des ménages et la constitution de la famille. Alors que l’emploi est clairement la clé d’entrée dans la vie adulte pour les hommes, il joue un rôle marginal pour les femmes. Cela peut expliquer pourquoi le marché de l’emploi de Nairobi a réagi à la crise des années 1990 en rejetant les femmes. Les différences de genre sont plus frappantes que les différences entre générations et selon l’origine géographique ou sociale. Les discriminations envers les femmes sur le marché de l’emploi de Nairobi sont à considérer sérieusement comme une cause du déclin du taux d’activité des femmes.

Suggested Citation

  • Alfred O. Agwanda & Philippe Bocquier & Anne Khasakhala & Samuel Owuor, 2004. "The effect of economic crisis on youth precariousness in Nairobi. An analysis of itinerary to adulthood of three generations of men and women," Working Papers DT/2004/04, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
  • Handle: RePEc:dia:wpaper:dt200404
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://dial.ird.fr/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/2004-04.pdf
    File Function: First version, 2004
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Van De Walle, E. & Foster, A.D., 1990. "Fertility Decline In Africa; Assessment And Prospects," Papers 125, World Bank - Technical Papers.
    2. Øystein Kravdal, 2000. "A search for aggregate-level effects of education on fertility, using data from Zimbabwe," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 3(3).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Holly E. Reed & Catherine S. Andrzejewski & Michael White, 2010. "Men’s and women’s migration in coastal Ghana," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 22(25), pages 771-812.
    2. Konseiga, Adama, 2008. "Family Migration: A Vehicle of Child Morbidity in the Informal Settlements of Nairobi City, Kenya?," IZA Discussion Papers 3567, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Shelley Clark & Cassandra Cotton, 2013. "Transitions to adulthood in urban Kenya," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 28(37), pages 1053-1092.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Naomi Rutenberg & Ian Diamond, 1993. "Fertility in botswana: The recent decline and future prospects," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 30(2), pages 143-157, May.
    2. Goldstone, Jack A. (Голдстоун, Джек) & Korotaev, Andrey (Коротаев, Андрей) & Zinkina, Yulia (Зинькина, Юлия), 2015. "Political Demography of the World Economy: Tropical Africa [Политическая Демография Мировой Экономики: Страны Тропической Африки]," Published Papers mn45, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
    3. Tiwari Sunita Rohit Gautam, 2018. "Women Empowerment Through Education In India," Working papers 2018-26-03, Voice of Research.
    4. repec:dau:papers:123456789/4467 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Neeru Gupta & Mary Mahy, 2003. "Adolescent childbearing in sub-Saharan Africa," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 8(4), pages 93-106.
    6. Øystein Kravdal, 2002. "Education and fertility in sub-Saharan africa: Individual and community effects," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 39(2), pages 233-250, May.
    7. Luca Zanin & Rosalba Radice & Giampiero Marra, 2015. "Modelling the impact of women’s education on fertility in Malawi," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 28(1), pages 89-111, January.
    8. Athena Pantazis & Samuel J Clark, 2018. "A parsimonious characterization of change in global age-specific and total fertility rates," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(1), pages 1-19, January.
    9. Giota Panopoulou & Panos Tsakloglou, 1999. "Fertility and economic development: theoretical considerations and cross-country evidence," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(11), pages 1337-1351.
    10. Adjiwanou, Vissého & Bougma, Moussa & LeGrand, Thomas, 2018. "The effect of partners' education on women's reproductive and maternal health in developing countries," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 104-115.
    11. Kofi D. Benefo, 2006. "The community-level effects of women's education on reproductive behaviour in rural Ghana," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 14(20), pages 485-508.
    12. Garikayi Bernard Chemhaka & Clifford Odimegwu, 2020. "Individual and community factors associated with lifetime fertility in Eswatini: an application of the Easterlin–Crimmins model," Journal of Population Research, Springer, vol. 37(3), pages 291-322, September.
    13. Ann Blanc & Shea Rutstein, 1994. "The Demographic transition in southern Africa: Yet another look at the evidence from Botswana and Zimbabwe," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 31(2), pages 209-215, May.
    14. Cecilia Albert & María A. Davia, 2004. "Salud, salarios y educación," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 169(2), pages 11-34, June.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:dia:wpaper:dt200404. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Loic Le Pezennec (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/diallfr.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.