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Social Security Contributions and the Business Cycle

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  • Burda, Michael
  • Almosova, Anna
  • Voigts, Simon

Abstract

This paper examines magnitudes and business cycle dynamics of social security contributions (SSC). In most OECD countries studied, we document a negative covariation of payroll tax burdens with GDP and GDP growth at business cycle and lower frequencies. We assess the overall magnitude of the distortion following Barro and Redlick (2011). For most countries, average marginal SSC tax rates exceed average rates, but the latter tracks the former tightly. Changes in average payroll tax burdens are mostly accounted for by changes in tax schedules rather than shifts in the earnings distribution over time. For many countries, SSC rates behave like estimated values of the “labor wedge†(Chari et al. 2007, Brinca et al., 2016).

Suggested Citation

  • Burda, Michael & Almosova, Anna & Voigts, Simon, 2017. "Social Security Contributions and the Business Cycle," CEPR Discussion Papers 12096, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:12096
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Business cycle; Payroll tax; Social security contributions; Labor wedge;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • J32 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Retirement Plans; Private Pensions
    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions

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