IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/cir/cirwor/2021s-07.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Impact of Tax Reforms in Applied Models: Which Functional Forms Should Be Chosen for the Demand System? Theory and Application for Morocco

Author

Listed:
  • Touhami Abdelkhalek
  • Dorothée Boccanfuso

Abstract

When researchers and policymakers conduct impact analyses of economic reforms, especially fiscal reforms, the specification of the household demand system becomes crucial. There is a trade-off between using demand systems simple to manipulate but less realistic and other systems that are more realistic but often more complex and difficult to estimate or calibrate. In this paper, we compare the results from two different demand systems: a simple one, the Cobb-Douglas (CD), and a more complex one, the Constant Difference Elasticity (CDE). We develop an hybrid method of estimation - calibration based on the estimation of the parameters and elasticities of a QUAIDS system and on the calibration of those of the CDE system using a cross-entropy approach. The estimates obtained are introduced into a micro-simulated partial equilibrium model to approximate the impact of the VAT reform on poverty measures in Morocco. We show that when the simulated shocks are moderate, the gain of using a CDE system instead of a CD system is marginal but, when these shocks are stronger, the differences become significant and increase. Then the use of these models can lead to different results when evaluating public policies and their impacts on poverty measures.

Suggested Citation

  • Touhami Abdelkhalek & Dorothée Boccanfuso, 2021. "Impact of Tax Reforms in Applied Models: Which Functional Forms Should Be Chosen for the Demand System? Theory and Application for Morocco," CIRANO Working Papers 2021s-07, CIRANO.
    • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2021s-07
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2021s-07.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stefan Boeters & Christoph Bohringer & Thiess Buttner & Margit Kraus, 2010. "Economic effects of VAT reforms in Germany," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(17), pages 2165-2182.
    2. Bieri, Jurg & Janvry, Alain de, 1972. "Empirical Analysis of Demand Under Consumer Budgeting," Monographs, University of California, Davis, Giannini Foundation, number 251916, December.
    3. Deaton, Angus, 1988. "Quality, Quantity, and Spatial Variation of Price," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 78(3), pages 418-430, June.
    4. Y. Surry, 1993. "The Constant Difference Of Elasticities Function With Applications To The Ec Animal Feed Sector," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(1), pages 110-125, January.
    5. Sebastien Lecocq & Jean-Marc Robin, 2015. "Estimating almost-ideal demand systems with endogenous regressors," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 15(2), pages 554-573, June.
    6. Brian P. Poi, 2002. "From the help desk: Demand system estimation," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 2(4), pages 403-410, November.
    7. Brian P. Poi, 2012. "Easy demand-system estimation with quaids," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 12(3), pages 433-446, September.
    8. Shoven,John B. & Whalley,John, 1992. "Applying General Equilibrium," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521266550, October.
    9. Etienne Ndemezo & Francis Menjo Baye, 2016. "Evaluation of Redistributive and Welfare Impacts of Indirect Taxes Reform in Rwanda," Economic Studies in Inequality, Social Exclusion, and Well-Being, in: Almas Heshmati (ed.), Poverty and Well-Being in East Africa, chapter 0, pages 165-188, Springer.
    10. Luc Savard, 2004. "Un système de demandes AIDS dans un contexte EGC microsimulation pour l'analyse de pauvreté et des inégalités," Cahiers de recherche 04-10, Departement d'économique de l'École de gestion à l'Université de Sherbrooke.
    11. Deaton,Angus & Muellbauer,John, 1980. "Economics and Consumer Behavior," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521296762, October.
    12. Hanoch, Giora, 1975. "Production and Demand Models with Direct or Indirect Implicit Additivity," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 43(3), pages 395-419, May.
    13. Ray, Ranjan, 1983. "Measuring the costs of children : An alternative approach," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 89-102, October.
    14. David G. Tarr, 1990. "A Modified Cournot Aggregation Condition for Obtaining Estimates of Cross-Elasticities of Demand," Eastern Economic Journal, Eastern Economic Association, vol. 16(3), pages 257-264, Jul-Sep.
    15. Touhami Abdelkhalek & Jean-Marie Dufour, 1998. "Statistical Inference For Computable General Equilibrium Models, With Application To A Model Of The Moroccan Economy," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 80(4), pages 520-534, November.
    16. James Banks & Richard Blundell & Arthur Lewbel, 1997. "Quadratic Engel Curves And Consumer Demand," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 79(4), pages 527-539, November.
    17. Golan, Amos & Judge, George & Robinson, Sherman, 1994. "Recovering Information from Incomplete or Partial Multisectoral Economic Data," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 76(3), pages 541-549, August.
    18. Yu, Wusheng & Hertel, Thomas W. & Preckel, Paul V. & Eales, James S., 2004. "Projecting world food demand using alternative demand systems," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 99-129, January.
    19. Attfield, Clifford L. F., 1985. "Homogeneity and endogeneity in systems of demand equations," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 197-209, February.
    20. Y-H Henry Chen, 2017. "The Calibration and Performance of a Non-homothetic CDE Demand System for CGE Models," Journal of Global Economic Analysis, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, vol. 2(1), pages 166-214, June.
    21. Erwin Corong & Thomas Hertel & Robert McDougall & Marinos Tsigas & Dominique van der Mensbrugghe, 2017. "The Standard GTAP Model, version 7," Journal of Global Economic Analysis, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, vol. 2(1), pages 1-119, June.
    22. Yves Surry, 1993. "The constant difference of elasticities function with applications to the EC animal feed sector," Post-Print hal-01600456, HAL.
    23. de Quatrebarbes, Céline & Boccanfuso, Dorothée & Savard, Luc, 2016. "Beyond representative households: The macro–micro impact analysis of VAT designs applied to Niger," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 76-92.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Touhami Abdelkhalek & Dorothee Boccanfuso, 2023. "Is the Moroccan Fiscal System Progressive ? A Shapley Decomposition," Policy briefs 2026, Policy Center for the New South.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Andrej Cupák & Peter Tóth, 2017. "Measuring the Efficiency of VAT reforms: Evidence from Slovakia," Working and Discussion Papers WP 6/2017, Research Department, National Bank of Slovakia.
    2. Korir, Lilian & Rizov, Marian & Ruto, Eric, 2020. "Food security in Kenya: Insights from a household food demand model," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 99-108.
    3. Peter Tóth & Andrej Cupák & Marian Rizov, 2021. "Measuring the efficiency of VAT reforms: a demand system simulation approach," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 73(3), pages 1218-1243.
    4. Li, Shaoting & Chen, Xuan & Ren, Yanjun & Glauben, Thomas, 2024. "The impact of demographic dynamics on food consumption and its environmental outcomes: Evidence from China," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 23(2), pages 414-429.
    5. Thomas, Alastair, 2019. "Who Would Win from a Multi-rate GST in New Zealand: Evidence from a QUAIDS Model," Working Paper Series 20932, Victoria University of Wellington, Chair in Public Finance.
    6. Thomas, Alastair, 2019. "Who Would Win from a Multi-rate GST in New Zealand: Evidence from a QUAIDS Model," Working Paper Series 8127, Victoria University of Wellington, Chair in Public Finance.
    7. Mun Ho & Wolfgang Britz & Ruth Delzeit & Florian Leblanc & Roberto Roson & Franziska Schuenemann & Matthias Weitzel, 2020. "Modelling Consumption and Constructing Long-Term Baselines in Final Demand," Journal of Global Economic Analysis, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, vol. 5(1), pages 63-108, June.
    8. Regmi, Madhav & Featherstone, Allen M., 2017. "Farm Households Consumption Heterogeneity And Rural Business Dynamics," 2017 Annual Meeting, February 4-7, 2017, Mobile, Alabama 252755, Southern Agricultural Economics Association.
    9. García-Germán, Sol & Romeo, Alessandro & Magrini, Emiliano & Balié, Jean, 2016. "The impact of food price shocks on weight loss: Evidence from the adult population of Tanzania," DARE Discussion Papers 1611, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development (DARE).
    10. Rita Motzigkeit Gonzalez, 2016. "Welfare effects of changed prices The “Tortilla Crisis" revisited," Working Papers 167, Bavarian Graduate Program in Economics (BGPE).
    11. Mauro Vigani & Hasan Dudu & Gloria Solano-Hermosilla, 2019. "Estimation of food demand parameters in Ethiopia: A Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) approach," JRC Research Reports JRC117125, Joint Research Centre.
    12. Gilles Quentin Kane & Gwladys Laure Mabah Tene & Jean-Joël Ambagna & Isabelle Piot-Lepetit & Fondo Sikod, 2015. "The impact of food price volatility on consumer welfare in Cameroon," Working Papers hal-02801351, HAL.
    13. Mauro Vigani & Hasan Dudu & Emanuele Ferrari & Alfredo Mainar Causape, 2019. "Estimation of food demand parameters in Kenya. A Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) approach," JRC Research Reports JRC115472, Joint Research Centre.
    14. Nakelse, Tebila & Dalton, Timothy J. & Hendricks, Nathan P. & Hodjo, Manzamasso, 2018. "Are smallholder farmers better or worse off from an increase in the international price of cereals?," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 213-223.
    15. Robert Ugochukwu Onyeneke & Chukwuemeka Chinonso Emenekwe & Mark Umunna Amadi & Jane Onuabuchi Munonye & Chukwudi Loveday Njoku & Chibuzo Uzoma Izuogua, 2020. "Demand analysis of rice in Nigeria: application of quadratic almost ideal demand system model," Asian Journal of Agriculture and rural Development, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 10(1), pages 364-378, June.
    16. repec:ags:aaea20:304636 is not listed on IDEAS
    17. Gilles Quentin Kane & Gwladys Laure Mabah Tene & Jean Joël Ambagna & Isabelle Piot-Lepetit & Fondo Sikod, 2015. "The impact of food price volatility on consumer welfare in Cameroon," WIDER Working Paper Series 013, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    18. Robin Winkler, 2015. "Feast or Famine: The Welfare Impact of Food Price Controls in Nazi Germany," Oxford Economic and Social History Working Papers _136, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    19. Larochelle, Catherine & Katungi, Enid & Cheng, Zhen, 2016. "Household consumption and demand for bean in Uganda: Determinants and implications for nutrition security," 2016 Fifth International Conference, September 23-26, 2016, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 246457, African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE).
    20. Gutierrez-Lythgoe, Antonio, 2023. "Demanda energética residencial en España: Una aplicación del modelo QUAIDS [Residential energy demand in Spain: An application of the QUAIDS model]," MPRA Paper 120229, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    21. Ole Boysen, 2019. "When does specification or aggregation across consumers matter for economic impact analysis models? An investigation into demand systems," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 56(1), pages 137-172, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Demand Systems; Estimation-Calibration; Tax Reform; Morocco;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C51 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Construction and Estimation
    • D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
    • H31 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - Household

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2021s-07. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Webmaster (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ciranca.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.