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Le financement des services de garde des enfants : effets sur le travail, le revenu des familles et les finances publiques

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  • Nicholas-James Clavet
  • Jean-Yves Duclos

Abstract

Public funding of child care (CC) features prominently in the achievement of several social objectives in Quebec and across Canada. This article provides evidence on the impact of three main measures of public CC funding in Quebec (the provincial tax credit, the federal income tax deduction, and the direct subsidies to early childhood centers) on family income, female labor market participation and provincial and federal public finances. Unlike the existing Canadian literature, this impact is estimated using a structural model of labor supply that explicitly incorporates the work/leisure preferences of families. This model also takes into account the provincial and federal tax and transfer system, the effect of fixed costs to working, the variability of the costs of CC, and the distribution of the socio-demographic characteristics of Quebec families. Public CC funding increases family income significantly (after taxes, transfers and CC expenses); it also has a greater impact on incomes and female labor market participation for single mothers than for biparental families. Cuts in public CC funding would result in substantial savings for the provincial government but would have little impact on the federal government. Le financement public des services de garde (SDG) est au coeur d'objectifs multiples au Québec et ailleurs au Canada. Cet article rapporte l'impact des trois mesures principales de financement public (le crédit d'impôt provincial, la déduction d'impôt fédérale, et les subventions directes aux garderies) sur le revenu des familles, la participation des femmes au marché du travail, et sur les finances publiques québécoises et canadiennes. Contrairement à la littérature canadienne existante, cet impact est estimé à l'aide d'un modèle structurel d'offre de travail qui incorpore explicitement les préférences travail/loisir des familles. Ce modèle tient aussi compte du système fiscal et de transfert du Québec et du Canada, de l'effet des coûts fixes à travailler, de la variabilité des SDG et de leurs coûts, ainsi que la distribution des caractéristiques socio-démographiques des familles québécoises. Les mesures de financement des SDG accroissent globalement et considérablement le revenu des familles après impôts, transferts et frais de garde; elles ont aussi un impact plus marqué sur le revenu et sur le travail des femmes monoparentales que sur celui des femmes en couple. Leur abolition entraînerait des économies substantielles sur le plan des finances publiques provinciales, mais affecterait toutefois peu celles du gouvernement fédéral.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicholas-James Clavet & Jean-Yves Duclos, 2014. "Le financement des services de garde des enfants : effets sur le travail, le revenu des familles et les finances publiques," CIRANO Working Papers 2014s-26, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2014s-26
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    1. Haeck, Catherine & Lefebvre, Pierre & Merrigan, Philip, 2015. "Canadian evidence on ten years of universal preschool policies: The good and the bad," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 137-157.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Child care services; work subsidies; labor supply; family policy in Quebec; Services de garde; subventions au travail; centres de la petite enfance; offre de travail; politique familiale au Québec;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply

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