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Les effets à court et moyen terme du soutien financier aux étudiants au Québec et dans le reste du Canada

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  • Christian Belzil
  • Julie Pernaudet

Abstract

→ Read CIRANO PERSPECTIVES This report assesses the short- and medium-term effects of exogenous variation in the cost of post-secondary education (PSE) generated from randomly offered financial support in Quebec and the rest of Canada. These effects are measured using economic variables observed in the initial phase of the life cycle and measuring the quality of the study-work transition to age 30. Does an increase in the level of financial support (compared to that already provided by Quebec and Canadian financial assistance programs) have an impact on the decision to undertake higher education? And if so, for whom? Does this increase have an impact on the income trajectories of young people who will pursue PSE? Is financial support a substitute for parental financial support, or is it simply in addition to existing supports, or even encouraging more parental support? It is these types of questions that the study attempts to answer. To do this, we combine data from (i) the Willingness to Borrow field experiment involving 1,248 senior high school students in Ontario, Manitoba or Saskatchewan, or enrolled in a CEGEP in Quebec in 2008-2009, and (ii) a follow-up survey conducted between 2019 and 2021 with these same participants. The original experiment was primarily aimed at estimating the value of financial support for PSE and included “randomized” support payments that allow us to use a “Control vs. Treatment” to estimate the causal effect of an exogenous variation in tuition fees in Quebec and the rest of Canada. Our results show that the increased financial support generated by experimentation should be considered ex-ante financial support across all programs. So it allows us to determine what would happen if the state decided to reduce the cost of higher education. This also means that the results presented below cannot be used to assess the impact of more targeted policies such as certain measures recently introduced by the Government of Quebec as part of the Quebec Perspective Scholarships program as this new program is intended to encourage students to choose specific fields of study. → Lire le PERSPECTIVES CIRANO Dans ce rapport, nous évaluons les effets à court et à moyen terme d’une variation exogène du coût des études post-secondaires (ÉPS) générée à partir d’un soutien financier offert aléatoirement au Québec et dans le reste du Canada. Ces effets sont mesurés à l’aide de variables économiques observées dans la phase initiale du cycle de vie et mesurant la qualité de la transition études-travail vers l’âge de 30 ans. Une augmentation du niveau de soutien financier (par rapport à celui déjà rendu disponible par les programmes d’aide financière québécois et canadien) a-t-elle un impact sur la décision d’entreprendre des études supérieures ? Et si oui, pour qui ? Cette augmentation a-t-elle un impact sur les trajectoires de revenus des jeunes qui poursuivront des ÉPS ? Le soutien financier se substitue-t-il au soutien financier des parents ou vient-il simplement s’ajouter aux soutiens existants, voire encourager plus de soutien des parents ? C’est à ce type de questions que l’étude tente de répondre. Pour ce faire, nous combinons les données provenant (i) de l’expérience de terrain « Volonté d’emprunter » (Willingness to Borrow) à laquelle ont participé 1248 élèves en dernière année de secondaire en Ontario, au Manitoba ou en Saskatchewan, ou inscrits dans un Cégep au Québec en 2008-2009, et (ii) d’une enquête de suivi exécutée entre 2019 et 2021 auprès de ces mêmes participants. L’expérience originale visait principalement à estimer la valorisation du soutien financier aux ÉPS et incluait des paiements de soutien « randomisés » qui nous permettent d'utiliser un protocole « Contrôle vs. Traitement », afin d’estimer l’effet causal d'une variation exogène des frais de scolarité au Québec et dans le reste du Canada. Nos résultats montrent que l’augmentation du soutien financier générée par l’expérimentation doit être considérée comme un soutien financier ex ante tous programmes confondus. Elle nous permet donc de déterminer ce qui adviendrait dans le cas où l’état décidait de réduire le coût des études supérieures. Cela veut aussi dire que les résultats présentés ci-dessous ne peuvent être utilisés pour évaluer l’impact de politiques plus ciblées telles que certaines mesures récemment introduites par le Gouvernement du Québec dans le cadre du programme « Bourses Perspective Québec » puisque ce dernier a pour but d’inciter les étudiants à choisir des filières spécifiques.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Belzil & Julie Pernaudet, 2023. "Les effets à court et moyen terme du soutien financier aux étudiants au Québec et dans le reste du Canada," CIRANO Project Reports 2023rp-15, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirpro:2023rp-15
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    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2023RP-15.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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