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Éducation et frais de scolarité

Author

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  • Rui Castro
  • Michel Poitevin

Abstract

Depuis le printemps 2012, toutes les positions ont été exposées sur la place publique. Certains proposent de les hausser significativement alors que d'autres prônent le gel ou l'indexation, ou même la gratuité scolaire. Par cette recherche, nous proposons une structure différente pour les frais de scolarité basée sur le principe de la modulation. Cette structure repose sur une approche scientifique rigoureuse. Pour l'élaborer, nous avons produit une revue de la littérature sur les rendements privés de l'éducation, c'est-à-dire, les rendements appropriés par l'étudiant; sur la valeur sociale de l'éducation qui nous donne une mesure des rendements sociaux de l'éducation; et enfin sur l'accessibilité aux études supérieures et le rôle joué par les contraintes financières. Résultat de l'exercice : la littérature sur les rendements privés et sociaux de l'éducation suggère que les étudiants retirent au moins 60 % des rendements globaux de l'éducation. En prenant en compte les coûts directs et indirects de la formation, les chercheurs estiment que la juste part des coûts directs de l'éducation assumés par les étudiants représente au moins 33 %. Ils proposent donc de moduler les frais de scolarité aux véritables coûts de la formation. La modulation comporte de nombreux avantages, notamment celui d'éliminer les iniquités entre les différents secteurs et cycles de formation en supprimant les transferts implicites entre secteurs au sein des universités. Ainsi, chaque étudiant paierait une proportion égale de ses propres coûts de formation. En outre, la modulation permettrait d'effectuer une redistribution entre les étudiants. Dans les disciplines à coûts élevés, les étudiants plus favorisés paieraient plus et une partie de leur augmentation (soit 30 %) serait utilisée pour faciliter l'accessibilité des étudiants les moins favorisés à ces mêmes disciplines. De plus, tous les étudiants bénéficieraient d'une formation de meilleure qualité financée par l'augmentation des frais moyens. Il nous apparaît clair que la mise en place d'une politique de frais de scolarité juste et équitable exige du gouvernement une volonté qui repose sur des principes rigoureux et scientifiques plutôt que sur des compromis politiques.

Suggested Citation

  • Rui Castro & Michel Poitevin, 2013. "Éducation et frais de scolarité," CIRANO Burgundy Reports 2013rb-01, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirbur:2013rb-01
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    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2013RB-01.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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