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Seeing Stereotypes

Author

Listed:
  • Elisa Baldazzi
  • Pietro Biroli
  • Marina Della Giusta
  • Florent Dubois

Abstract

Reliance on stereotypes is a persistent feature of human decision-making and has been extensively documented in educational settings, where it can shape students’ confidence, performance, and long-term human capital accumulation. While effective techniques exist to mitigate these negative effects, a crucial first step is to establish whether teachers can recognize stereotypes in their professional environment. We introduce the Stereotype Identification Test (SIT), a novel survey tool that asks teachers to evaluate and comment on the presence of stereotypes in images randomly drawn from school textbooks. Their responses are systematically linked to established measures of implicit bias (Implicit Association Test, IAT) and explicit bias (survey scales on teaching stereotypes and social values). Our findings demonstrate that the SIT is a valid and reliable measure of stereotype recognition. Teachers’ ability to recognize stereotypes is linked to trainable traits such as implicit bias awareness and inclusive teaching practices. Moreover, providing personalized feedback on implicit bias improves SIT scores by 0.25 standard deviations, reinforcing the idea that stereotype recognition is malleable and can be enhanced through targeted interventions.

Suggested Citation

  • Elisa Baldazzi & Pietro Biroli & Marina Della Giusta & Florent Dubois, 2025. "Seeing Stereotypes," CESifo Working Paper Series 11730, CESifo.
  • Handle: RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11730
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    stereotypes; discrimination; education; inequality;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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