IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/cdl/uctcwp/qt15g4c2j8.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

A Cycle of Dependence: Automobiles, Accessibility, and the Evolution of the Transportation and Retail Hierarchies

Author

Listed:
  • Handy, Susan

Abstract

This paper explores how the automobile has indirectly led to dramatic changes in patterns of accessibility to retail and service activity within metropolitan regions. The automobile instigated a greater articulation of the hierarchy of transportation facilities, as reflected in a greater differentiation between the local and the regional systems. At the same time, the automobile instigated a collapse in the retail hierarchy, by encouraging the growth of community and regional centers at the expense of local shops and the central business district. The result has been a cycle of dependence, in which suburban communities are designed for the automobile, leaving residents little choice but to drive. Access to retail activity is now dependent on the automobile but vulnerable to increasing levels of congestion that are driven by dependence on the automobile.

Suggested Citation

  • Handy, Susan, 1993. "A Cycle of Dependence: Automobiles, Accessibility, and the Evolution of the Transportation and Retail Hierarchies," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt15g4c2j8, University of California Transportation Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:uctcwp:qt15g4c2j8
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/15g4c2j8.pdf;origin=repeccitec
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Handy, Susan L., 1992. "Regional Versus Local Accessibility: Neo-Traditional Development and Its Implications for Non-work Travel," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt7gs0p1nc, University of California Transportation Center.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Parker, Cory, 2019. "Bicycle use and accessibility among people experiencing homelessness in California cities," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    2. Denver V Nixon, 2012. "A Sense of Momentum: Mobility Practices and Dis/Embodied Landscapes of Energy Use," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 44(7), pages 1661-1678, July.
    3. Michael W. Mehaffy, 2018. "Neighborhood “Choice Architecture”: A New Strategy for Lower-Emissions Urban Planning?," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 3(2), pages 113-127.
    4. Gould, Jane & Golob, Thomas F., 2000. "Consumer E-Commerce, Virtual Accessibility and Sustainable Transport," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt8hr3760g, University of California Transportation Center.
    5. Gould, Jane & Golob, Thomas F., 2000. "Consumer E-Commerce, Virtual Accessibility and Sustainable Transport," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt1rc1902p, University of California Transportation Center.
    6. Handy, Susan L, 2002. "Accessibility- vs. Mobility-Enhancing Strategies for Addressing Automobile Dependence in the U.S," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt5kn4s4pb, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    7. Stéphanie Souche & Aurelie Mercier & Nicolas Ovtracht, 2016. "The impacts of urban pricing on social and spatial inequalities: The case study of Lyon (France)," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 53(2), pages 373-399, February.
    8. Wiersma, J.K., 2020. "Commuting patterns and car dependency in urban regions," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    9. Bocarejo S., Juan Pablo & Oviedo H., Daniel Ricardo, 2012. "Transport accessibility and social inequities: a tool for identification of mobility needs and evaluation of transport investments," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 142-154.
    10. Wiersma, J. & Bertolini, L. & Straatemeier, T., 2017. "Adapting spatial conditions to reduce car dependency in mid-sized ‘post growth’ European city regions: The case of South Limburg, Netherlands," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 62-69.
    11. Rachel Weinberger & Frank Goetzke, 2010. "Unpacking Preference: How Previous Experience Affects Auto Ownership in the United States," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 47(10), pages 2111-2128, September.
    12. Moya-Gómez, Borja & García-Palomares, Juan Carlos, 2017. "The impacts of congestion on automobile accessibility. What happens in large European cities?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 148-159.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kelobonye, Keone & McCarney, Gary & Xia, Jianhong (Cecilia) & Swapan, Mohammad Shahidul Hasan & Mao, Feng & Zhou, Heng, 2019. "Relative accessibility analysis for key land uses: A spatial equity perspective," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 82-93.
    2. Dominic Stead, 2001. "Relationships between Land Use, Socioeconomic Factors, and Travel Patterns in Britain," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 28(4), pages 499-528, August.
    3. Park, Sungjin, 2008. "Defining, Measuring, and Evaluating Path Walkability, and Testing Its Impacts on Transit Users’ Mode Choice and Walking Distance to the Station," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt0ct7c30p, University of California Transportation Center.
    4. Holz-Rau, Christian & Scheiner, Joachim, 2020. "Raum und Verkehr - ein Feld komplexer Wirkungsbeziehungen: Können Interventionen in die gebaute Umwelt klimawirksame Verkehrsemissionen wirklich senken?," Forschungsberichte der ARL: Aufsätze, in: Reutter, Ulrike & Holz-Rau, Christian & Albrecht, Janna & Hülz, Martina (ed.), Wechselwirkungen von Mobilität und Raumentwicklung im Kontext gesellschaftlichen Wandels, volume 14, pages 76-101, ARL – Akademie für Raumentwicklung in der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft.
    5. Pierre Filion, 2001. "Suburban Mixed-Use Centres and Urban Dispersion: What Difference do they Make?," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 33(1), pages 141-160, January.
    6. Cao, Xinyu, 2006. "The Causal Relationship between the Built Environment and Personal Travel Choice: Evidence from Northern California," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt07q5p340, University of California Transportation Center.
    7. Thirayoot Limanond & Debbie Niemeier, 2004. "Effect of land use on decisions of shopping tour generation: A case study of three traditional neighborhoods in WA," Transportation, Springer, vol. 31(2), pages 153-181, May.
    8. Frans M. Dieleman & Martin Dijst & Guillaume Burghouwt, 2002. "Urban Form and Travel Behaviour: Micro-level Household Attributes and Residential Context," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 39(3), pages 507-527, March.
    9. Crane, Randall, 1995. "On Form Versus Function: Will the "New Urbanism" Reduce Traffic or Increase It?," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt7bj9g6bg, University of California Transportation Center.
    10. Guerra, Erick Strom, 2013. "The New Suburbs: Evolving travel behavior, the built environment, and subway investments in Mexico City," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt88t7k9p5, University of California Transportation Center.
    11. Genevieve Giuliano, 2000. "Land Use Policy and Transportation: Why We Won't Get There from Here," Working Paper 8649, USC Lusk Center for Real Estate.
    12. Reilly, Michael & Landis, John, 2003. "The Influence of Built-Form and Land Use on Mode Choice," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt46r3k871, University of California Transportation Center.
    13. Robert Cervero, 1995. "Planned Communities, Self-containment and Commuting: A Cross-national Perspective," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 32(7), pages 1135-1161, August.
    14. Stéphanie Souche & Aurelie Mercier & Nicolas Ovtracht, 2016. "The impacts of urban pricing on social and spatial inequalities: The case study of Lyon (France)," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 53(2), pages 373-399, February.
    15. Kristina M. Currans & Gabriella Abou-Zeid & Chris McCahill & Nicole Iroz-Elardo & Kelly J. Clifton & Susan Handy & Irene Pineda, 2023. "Households with constrained off-street parking drive fewer miles," Transportation, Springer, vol. 50(6), pages 2227-2252, December.
    16. Cervero, Robert, 1996. "Mixed land-uses and commuting: Evidence from the American Housing Survey," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 30(5), pages 361-377, September.
    17. Handy, Susan L, 2002. "Accessibility- vs. Mobility-Enhancing Strategies for Addressing Automobile Dependence in the U.S," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt5kn4s4pb, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    18. David Philip McArthur & Inge Thorsen & Jan Ubøe, 2014. "Employment, Transport Infrastructure, and Rural Depopulation: A New Spatial Equilibrium Model," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 46(7), pages 1652-1665, July.
    19. Sallis, James F. & Frank, Lawrence D. & Saelens, Brian E. & Kraft, M. Katherine, 2004. "Active transportation and physical activity: opportunities for collaboration on transportation and public health research," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 249-268, May.
    20. Martin Scoppa & Rim Anabtawi, 2021. "Connectivity in Superblock Street Networks: Measuring Distance, Directness, and the Diversity of Pedestrian Paths," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-18, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Social and Behavioral Sciences;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cdl:uctcwp:qt15g4c2j8. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Lisa Schiff (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/itucbus.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.