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Ingreso relativo, identidad de género y brecha en el trabajo doméstico no remunerado: Evidencia para Colombia

Author

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  • Andrea Salazar-Díaz

Abstract

Este articulo analiza el efecto de las normas sociales de identidad de género sobre el ingreso y el uso de tiempo relativo dentro de los hogares en Colombia. Se muestra que existe una discontinuidad en la distribución de la participación de la mujer en los ingresos del hogar, justo cuando excede los ingresos del hombre. Este fenómeno se ha observado en diferentes países, y en su mayoría, ha sido atribuido a las normas sociales de identidad de género que inducen una aversión a que la mujer perciba mayores ingresos que su pareja. En esta investigación se extiende este análisis y se muestra que la caída en esta distribución es mayor en las parejas menos educadas y en las más tradicionales, consistente con una percepción de roles de género más fuerte. Asimismo, se encuentra que en las parejas donde la mujer supera los ingresos del hombre, la brecha del trabajo doméstico no remunerado aumenta aproximadamente en una hora diaria. El incremento de esta brecha se explica únicamente por un aumento en el tiempo que destinan las mujeres a estas labores domésticas, lo que a su vez, resulta en una reducción de su tiempo libre para poder asumir esta carga extra dentro del hogar. Lo anterior sugiere que las mujeres incrementan su participación en el trabajo doméstico no remunerado para aliviar la desviación de roles de género cuando ganan más dinero que su pareja. ABSTRACT: This article studies the effect of gender identity social norms on relative income and time use in Colombia’s households. I find a discontinuity in women’s relative income distribution, precisely in the point when they exceed men’s income. This phenomenon has been observed in other countries and it has been mostly attributed to gender identity social norms that induce an aversion to women earning more income than their partners. I extend this analysis and show that the drop in the relative income distribution is greater in less educated and more traditional couples, consistent with a strong prescription of gender roles. In addition, I find that the unpaid domestic work gap increases by approximately one hour a day in those households where women exceed men’s income. This could only be explained by an increase in the time women dedicate to core domestic work, which also implies a reduction in women’s free time. The results suggest that women increase their unpaid domestic work participation to alleviate the gender role deviation when they earn more money than their partners.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrea Salazar-Díaz, 2022. "Ingreso relativo, identidad de género y brecha en el trabajo doméstico no remunerado: Evidencia para Colombia," Borradores de Economia 1191, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1191
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1191
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Ingreso Relativo; Normas sociales; Identidad de género; Brecha de género en el trabajo doméstico no remunerado; Relative Income; Social Norms; Gender Identity; Unpaid work gap;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D10 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - General
    • D91 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply

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