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Technology, Opportunity & Access: Understanding Financial Inclusion in the U.S

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  • Nathaniel Karp
  • Boyd Nash-Stacey

Abstract

Although the U.S. is regarded as having a well-developed and deep financial system, financial inclusion continues to be a challenge for many communities and households. Using four databases with over 4 million data points and a PCA methodology, we developed the FIMI for 251 Metropolitan Statistical Areas, to help us identify the main determinants behind financial inclusion

Suggested Citation

  • Nathaniel Karp & Boyd Nash-Stacey, 2015. "Technology, Opportunity & Access: Understanding Financial Inclusion in the U.S," Working Papers 1525, BBVA Bank, Economic Research Department.
    • Handle: RePEc:bbv:wpaper:1525
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    File URL: https://www.bbvaresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/WP15-25_FinancialInclusion_MSA.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    8. Mishra, SK, 2007. "A Comparative Study of Various Inclusive Indices and the Index Constructed by the Principal Components Analysis," MPRA Paper 3377, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. J Neill Marshall, 2004. "Financial Institutions in Disadvantaged Areas: A Comparative Analysis of Policies Encouraging Financial Inclusion in Britain and the United States," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 36(2), pages 241-261, February.
    10. Wojciech Kopczuk & Emmanuel Saez & Jae Song, 2010. "Earnings Inequality and Mobility in the United States: Evidence from Social Security Data Since 1937," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 125(1), pages 91-128.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Beatriz Fernández-Olit & Juan Diego Paredes-Gázquez & Marta de la Cuesta-González, 2018. "Are Social and Financial Exclusion Two Sides of the Same Coin? An Analysis of the Financial Integration of Vulnerable People," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 135(1), pages 245-268, January.
    2. Julie Birkenmaier & David Rothwell & Mary Agar, 2022. "How is Consumer Financial Capability Measured?," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 43(4), pages 654-666, December.
    3. Rahmanda Muhammad Thaariq & Arif Anindita & Hafizha Dea Iftina, 2021. "The Internet Miracle: The Impact Of Internet Access On Household Saving In Indonesia," Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, Bank Indonesia, vol. 24(2), pages 255-282, June.
    4. Robert Huterski & Agnieszka Anna Huterska & Justyna Łapińska & Ewa Zdunek-Rosa, 2020. "The problem of savings exclusion and gross savings in the new European Union member states," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 7(3), pages 2470-2480, March.
    5. Julie Birkenmaier & Qiang Fu, 2018. "Household Financial Access and Use of Alternative Financial Services in the U.S.: Two Sides of the Same Coin?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 139(3), pages 1169-1185, October.
    6. J. Birkenmaier & Q. J. Fu, 2019. "Does Consumer Financial Management Behavior Relate to Their Financial Access?," Journal of Consumer Policy, Springer, vol. 42(3), pages 333-348, September.
    7. Luisa Blanco & Salvador Contreras & Amit Ghosh, 2022. "Impact of Great Recession bank failures on use of financial services among racial/ethnic and income groups," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 88(4), pages 1574-1598, April.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Banks ; Digital economy ; Economic Analysis ; Financial Inclusion ; Financial regulation ; Regional Analysis ; Research ; USA ; Working Paper;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D1 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior
    • D6 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics
    • I3 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
    • O16 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • R10 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - General
    • R20 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - General

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