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Approximate Functional Differencing

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  • Geert Dhaene
  • Martin Weidner

Abstract

Inference on common parameters in panel data models with individual-specific fixed effects is a classic example of Neyman and Scott's (1948) incidental parameter problem (IPP). One solution to this IPP is functional differencing (Bonhomme 2012), which works when the number of time periods T is fixed (and may be small), but this solution is not applicable to all panel data models of interest. Another solution, which applies to a larger class of models, is "large-T" bias correction (pioneered by Hahn and Kuersteiner 2002 and Hahn and Newey 2004), but this is only guaranteed to work well when T is sufficiently large. This paper provides a unified approach that connects those two seemingly disparate solutions to the IPP. In doing so, we provide an approximate version of functional differencing, that is, an approximate solution to the IPP that is applicable to a large class of panel data models even when T is relatively small.

Suggested Citation

  • Geert Dhaene & Martin Weidner, 2023. "Approximate Functional Differencing," Papers 2301.13736, arXiv.org, revised May 2023.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2301.13736
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. St'ephane Bonhomme & Kevin Dano, 2023. "Functional Differencing in Networks," Papers 2307.11484, arXiv.org.

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