IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/arx/papers/2201.13416.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

MicroVelocity: rethinking the Velocity of Money for digital currencies

Author

Listed:
  • Carlo Campajola
  • Marco D'Errico
  • Claudio J. Tessone

Abstract

We propose a novel framework to analyse the velocity of money in terms of the contribution (MicroVelocity) of each individual agent, and to uncover the distributional determinants of aggregate velocity. Leveraging on complete publicly available transactions data stored in blockchains from four cryptocurrencies, we empirically find that MicroVelocity i) is very heterogeneously distributed and ii) strongly correlates with agents' wealth. We further document the emergence of high-velocity intermediaries, thereby challenging the idea that these systems are fully decentralised. Further, our framework and results provide policy insights for the development and analysis of digital currencies.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlo Campajola & Marco D'Errico & Claudio J. Tessone, 2022. "MicroVelocity: rethinking the Velocity of Money for digital currencies," Papers 2201.13416, arXiv.org, revised May 2023.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2201.13416
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://arxiv.org/pdf/2201.13416
    File Function: Latest version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Milton Friedman, 1959. "The Demand for Money: Some Theoretical and Empirical Results," NBER Chapters, in: The Demand for Money: Some Theoretical and Empirical Results, pages 1-29, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Wilko Bolt & Maarten R.C. Van Oordt, 2020. "On the Value of Virtual Currencies," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 52(4), pages 835-862, June.
    3. Michel Rauchs & Garrick Hileman, 2017. "Global Cryptocurrency Benchmarking Study," Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance Reports 201704-gcbs, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.
    4. Kyriazis, Nikolaos & Papadamou, Stephanos & Corbet, Shaen, 2020. "A systematic review of the bubble dynamics of cryptocurrency prices," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    5. Reginald D. Smith, 2017. "Bitcoin Average Dormancy: A Measure of Turnover and Trading Activity," Papers 1712.10287, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2018.
    6. Yougui Wang & Ning Ding & Li Zhang, 2005. "The Circulation of Money and Holding Time Distribution," Papers physics/0507147, arXiv.org.
    7. Nicol`o Vallarano & Claudio Tessone & Tiziano Squartini, 2020. "Bitcoin Transaction Networks: an overview of recent results," Papers 2005.00114, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2020.
    8. Wang, Yougui & Ding, Ning & Zhang, Li, 2003. "The circulation of money and holding time distribution," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 324(3), pages 665-677.
    9. Ahnert, Henning & Kavonius, Ilja Kristian & Honkkila, Juha & Sola, Pierre, 2020. "Understanding household wealth: linking macro and micro data to produce distributional financial accounts," Statistics Paper Series 37, European Central Bank.
    10. D'aniel Kondor & M'arton P'osfai & Istv'an Csabai & G'abor Vattay, 2013. "Do the rich get richer? An empirical analysis of the BitCoin transaction network," Papers 1308.3892, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2014.
    11. Walter Engert & Ben Fung, 2017. "Central Bank Digital Currency: Motivations and Implications," Discussion Papers 17-16, Bank of Canada.
    12. Dániel Kondor & Márton Pósfai & István Csabai & Gábor Vattay, 2014. "Do the Rich Get Richer? An Empirical Analysis of the Bitcoin Transaction Network," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(2), pages 1-10, February.
    13. Sirio Aramonteand & Wenqian Huang & Andreas Schrimpf, 2021. "DeFi risks and the decentralisation illusion," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, December.
    14. Pavel Ciaian & Miroslava Rajcaniova & d’Artis Kancs, 2016. "The digital agenda of virtual currencies: Can BitCoin become a global currency?," Information Systems and e-Business Management, Springer, vol. 14(4), pages 883-919, November.
    15. Scott M. Fitzpatrick & Stephen McKeon, 2020. "Banking on Stone Money: Ancient Antecedents to Bitcoin," Economic Anthropology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 7(1), pages 7-21, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Carlo Campajola & Raffaele Cristodaro & Francesco Maria De Collibus & Tao Yan & Nicolo' Vallarano & Claudio J. Tessone, 2022. "The Evolution Of Centralisation on Cryptocurrency Platforms," Papers 2206.05081, arXiv.org, revised May 2023.
    2. Carolina E S Mattsson & Teodoro Criscione & Frank W Takes, 2022. "Circulation of a digital community currency," Papers 2207.08941, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2023.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zanin, Massimiliano & Papo, David & Romance, Miguel & Criado, Regino & Moral, Santiago, 2016. "The topology of card transaction money flows," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 462(C), pages 134-140.
    2. Ayana T Aspembitova & Ling Feng & Lock Yue Chew, 2021. "Behavioral structure of users in cryptocurrency market," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(1), pages 1-19, January.
    3. Fan Fang & Carmine Ventre & Michail Basios & Leslie Kanthan & David Martinez-Rego & Fan Wu & Lingbo Li, 2022. "Cryptocurrency trading: a comprehensive survey," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-59, December.
    4. Ke Wu & Spencer Wheatley & Didier Sornette, 2018. "Classification of cryptocurrency coins and tokens by the dynamics of their market capitalisations," Papers 1803.03088, arXiv.org, revised May 2018.
    5. Massimiliano Zanin & David Papo & Miguel Romance & Regino Criado & Santiago Moral, 2016. "The topology of card transaction money flows," Papers 1605.04938, arXiv.org.
    6. Andrea Flori, 2019. "Cryptocurrencies In Finance: Review And Applications," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 22(05), pages 1-22, August.
    7. Chakraborty, Abhijit & Hatsuda, Tetsuo & Ikeda, Yuichi, 2024. "Dynamic relationship between the XRP price and correlation tensor spectra of transaction networks," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 639(C).
    8. Abeer ElBahrawy & Laura Alessandretti & Anne Kandler & Romualdo Pastor-Satorras & Andrea Baronchelli, 2017. "Evolutionary dynamics of the cryptocurrency market," Papers 1705.05334, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2017.
    9. Chengyi Tu & Paolo DOdorico & Samir Suweis, 2018. "Critical slowing down associated with critical transition and risk of collapse in cryptocurrency," Papers 1806.08386, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2019.
    10. Nino Antulov-Fantulin & Dijana Tolic & Matija Piskorec & Zhang Ce & Irena Vodenska, 2018. "Inferring short-term volatility indicators from Bitcoin blockchain," Papers 1809.07856, arXiv.org.
    11. Düring, B. & Toscani, G., 2007. "Hydrodynamics from kinetic models of conservative economies," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 384(2), pages 493-506.
    12. Nick James & Max Menzies & Kevin Chin, 2022. "Economic state classification and portfolio optimisation with application to stagflationary environments," Papers 2203.15911, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2022.
    13. James Chapman & Carolyn A. Wilkins, 2019. "Crypto ‘Money’: Perspective of a Couple of Canadian Central Bankers," Discussion Papers 2019-1, Bank of Canada.
    14. Alexandre Bovet & Carlo Campajola & Jorge F. Lazo & Francesco Mottes & Iacopo Pozzana & Valerio Restocchi & Pietro Saggese & Nicol'o Vallarano & Tiziano Squartini & Claudio J. Tessone, 2018. "Network-based indicators of Bitcoin bubbles," Papers 1805.04460, arXiv.org.
    15. Jung, Hohyun, 2023. "Eliminating the biases of user influence and item popularity in bipartite networks: A case study of Flickr and Netflix," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 618(C).
    16. Agur, Itai & Ari, Anil & Dell’Ariccia, Giovanni, 2022. "Designing central bank digital currencies," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 62-79.
    17. Jeffrey Chu & Saralees Nadarajah & Stephen Chan, 2015. "Statistical Analysis of the Exchange Rate of Bitcoin," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(7), pages 1-27, July.
    18. Ladislav Kristoufek, 2015. "What Are the Main Drivers of the Bitcoin Price? Evidence from Wavelet Coherence Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(4), pages 1-15, April.
    19. M. Eren Akbiyik & Mert Erkul & Killian Kaempf & Vaiva Vasiliauskaite & Nino Antulov-Fantulin, 2021. "Ask "Who", Not "What": Bitcoin Volatility Forecasting with Twitter Data," Papers 2110.14317, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2022.
    20. Kristoufek, Ladislav, 2018. "On Bitcoin markets (in)efficiency and its evolution," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 503(C), pages 257-262.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2201.13416. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: arXiv administrators (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://arxiv.org/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.