IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/arx/papers/1903.05990.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Modern tontine with bequest: innovation in pooled annuity products

Author

Listed:
  • Thomas Bernhardt
  • Catherine Donnelly

Abstract

We introduce a new pension product that offers retirees the opportunity for a lifelong income and a bequest for their estate. Based on a tontine mechanism, the product divides pension savings between a tontine account and a bequest account. The tontine account is given up to a tontine pool upon death while the bequest account value is paid to the retiree's estate. The values of these two accounts are continuously re-balanced to the same proportion, which is the key feature of our new product. Our main research question about the new product is what proportion of pension savings should a retiree allocate to the tontine account. Under a power utility function, we show that more risk averse retirees allocate a fairly stable proportion of their pension savings to the tontine account, regardless of the strength of their bequest motive. The proportion declines as the retiree becomes less risk averse for a while. However, for the least risk averse retirees, a high proportion of their pension savings is optimally allocated to the tontine account. This surprising result is explained by the least risk averse retirees seeking the potentially high value of the bequest account at very old ages.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Bernhardt & Catherine Donnelly, 2019. "Modern tontine with bequest: innovation in pooled annuity products," Papers 1903.05990, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:1903.05990
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.05990
    File Function: Latest version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. John Piggott & Emiliano A. Valdez & Bettina Detzel, 2005. "The Simple Analytics of a Pooled Annuity Fund," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 72(3), pages 497-520, September.
    2. Takayama, Noriyuki, 2011. "Securing Lifelong Retirement Income: Global Annuity Markets and Policy," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199594849 edited by Mitchell, Olivia S. & Piggott, John.
    3. Valdez, Emiliano A. & Piggott, John & Wang, Liang, 2006. "Demand and adverse selection in a pooled annuity fund," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 251-266, October.
    4. Dickson,David C. M. & Hardy,Mary R. & Waters,Howard R., 2013. "Solutions Manual for Actuarial Mathematics for Life Contingent Risks," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9781107620261, February.
    5. Marina Di Giacinto & Elena Vigna, 2012. "On the sub-optimality cost of immediate annuitization in DC pension funds," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 20(3), pages 497-527, September.
    6. Milevsky, Moshe A. & Salisbury, Thomas S., 2016. "Equitable Retirement Income Tontines: Mixing Cohorts Without Discriminating," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 46(3), pages 571-604, September.
    7. Bjork, Tomas, 2009. "Arbitrage Theory in Continuous Time," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, edition 3, number 9780199574742.
    8. Blake, David & Wright, Douglas & Zhang, Yumeng, 2014. "Age-dependent investing: Optimal funding and investment strategies in defined contribution pension plans when members are rational life cycle financial planners," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 105-124.
    9. Russell Gerrard & Bjarne Højgaard & Elena Vigna, 2012. "Choosing the optimal annuitization time post-retirement," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(7), pages 1143-1159, September.
    10. Chao Qiao & Michael Sherris, 2013. "Managing Systematic Mortality Risk With Group Self-Pooling and Annuitization Schemes," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 80(4), pages 949-974, December.
    11. Milevsky, Moshe A. & Salisbury, Thomas S., 2015. "Optimal retirement income tontines," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 91-105.
    12. Hanewald, Katja & Piggott, John & Sherris, Michael, 2013. "Individual post-retirement longevity risk management under systematic mortality risk," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 87-97.
    13. Kingston, Geoffrey & Thorp, Susan, 2005. "Annuitization and asset allocation with HARA utility," Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, Cambridge University Press, vol. 4(3), pages 225-248, November.
    14. Dickson,David C. M. & Hardy,Mary R. & Waters,Howard R., 2013. "Actuarial Mathematics for Life Contingent Risks," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9781107044074, October.
    15. Horneff, Wolfram J. & Maurer, Raimond H. & Mitchell, Olivia S. & Stamos, Michael Z., 2010. "Variable payout annuities and dynamic portfolio choice in retirement," Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, Cambridge University Press, vol. 9(2), pages 163-183, April.
    16. Stamos, Michael Z., 2008. "Optimal consumption and portfolio choice for pooled annuity funds," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 56-68, August.
    17. Donnelly, Catherine, 2015. "Actuarial Fairness And Solidarity In Pooled Annuity Funds," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 45(1), pages 49-74, January.
    18. Milevsky, Moshe A. & Young, Virginia R., 2007. "Annuitization and asset allocation," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 31(9), pages 3138-3177, September.
    19. Donnelly, Catherine & Guillén, Montserrat & Nielsen, Jens Perch, 2014. "Bringing cost transparency to the life annuity market," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 14-27.
    20. Wolfram J. Horneff & Raimond H. Maurer & Michael Z. Stamos, 2008. "Optimal Gradual Annuitization: Quantifying the Costs of Switching to Annuities," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 75(4), pages 1019-1038, December.
    21. Hainaut, Donatien & Devolder, Pierre, 2006. "Life Annuitization: Why and how Much?," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 36(2), pages 629-654, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. An Chen & Thai Nguyen & Thorsten Sehner, 2022. "Unit-Linked Tontine: Utility-Based Design, Pricing and Performance," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-27, April.
    2. Olga M. Fuentes & Richard K. Fullmer & Manuel García-Huitrón, 2024. "A sustainable, variable lifetime retirement income solution for the Chilean pension system," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 49(2), pages 234-258, April.
    3. Dagpunar, John, 2021. "Closed-form solutions for an explicit modern ideal tontine with bequest motive," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 261-273.
    4. Chen, An & Hieber, Peter & Rach, Manuel, 2021. "Optimal retirement products under subjective mortality beliefs," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(PA), pages 55-69.
    5. Xie, Lin & Chen, Lv & Qian, Linyi & Li, Danping & Yang, Zhixin, 2023. "Optimal investment and consumption strategies for pooled annuity with partial information," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 129-155.
    6. Hieber, Peter & Lucas, Nathalie, 2020. "Life-Care Tontines," LIDAM Discussion Papers ISBA 2020026, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    7. Blake, David & Cairns, Andrew J.G., 2021. "Longevity risk and capital markets: The 2019-20 update," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 395-439.
    8. Lin He & Zongxia Liang & Sheng Wang, 2022. "Modern Tontine with Transaction Costs," Papers 2209.09709, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2023.
    9. John Dagpunar, 2020. "Closed-form Solutions for an Explicit Modern Ideal Tontine with Bequest Motive," Papers 2005.00715, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2021.
    10. Jan L. M. Dhaene & Moshe A. Milevsky, 2024. "Egalitarian pooling and sharing of longevity risk', a.k.a. 'The many ways to skin a tontine cat," Papers 2402.00855, arXiv.org.
    11. Chen, An & Guillen, Montserrat & Rach, Manuel, 2021. "Fees in tontines," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 89-106.
    12. Gerrard, Russell & Hiabu, Munir & Nielsen, Jens Perch & Vodička, Peter, 2020. "Long-term real dynamic investment planning," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 90-103.
    13. Moshe A. Milevsky & Thomas S. Salisbury, 2024. "The Riccati Tontine: How to Satisfy Regulators on Average," Papers 2402.14555, arXiv.org.
    14. Fahrenwaldt, Matthias A. & Sun, Chaofan, 2020. "Expected utility approximation and portfolio optimisation," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 301-314.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bernhardt, Thomas & Donnelly, Catherine, 2019. "Modern tontine with bequest: Innovation in pooled annuity products," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 168-188.
    2. Chen, An & Rach, Manuel, 2023. "Actuarial fairness and social welfare in mixed-cohort tontines," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 214-229.
    3. Shuanglan Li & Héloïse Labit Hardy & Michael Sherris & Andrés M. Villegas, 2022. "A Managed Volatility Investment Strategy for Pooled Annuity Products," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-30, June.
    4. Chen, An & Hieber, Peter & Rach, Manuel, 2021. "Optimal retirement products under subjective mortality beliefs," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(PA), pages 55-69.
    5. Chen, An & Rach, Manuel, 2019. "Options on tontines: An innovative way of combining tontines and annuities," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 182-192.
    6. Thomas Bernhardt & Catherine Donnelly, 2020. "Quantifying the trade-off between income stability and the number of members in a pooled annuity fund," Papers 2010.16009, arXiv.org.
    7. Xie, Lin & Chen, Lv & Qian, Linyi & Li, Danping & Yang, Zhixin, 2023. "Optimal investment and consumption strategies for pooled annuity with partial information," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 129-155.
    8. Marcel Bräutigam & Montserrat Guillén & Jens P. Nielsen, 2017. "Facing Up to Longevity with Old Actuarial Methods: A Comparison of Pooled Funds and Income Tontines," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 42(3), pages 406-422, July.
    9. Chen, An & Guillen, Montserrat & Rach, Manuel, 2021. "Fees in tontines," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 89-106.
    10. Maria Alexandrova & Nadine Gatzert, 2019. "What Do We Know About Annuitization Decisions?," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 22(1), pages 57-100, March.
    11. Milevsky, Moshe A. & Salisbury, Thomas S., 2016. "Equitable Retirement Income Tontines: Mixing Cohorts Without Discriminating," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 46(3), pages 571-604, September.
    12. Lambregts, Timo R. & Schut, Frederik T., 2020. "Displaced, disliked and misunderstood: A systematic review of the reasons for low uptake of long-term care insurance and life annuities," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 17(C).
    13. Milevsky, Moshe A. & Salisbury, Thomas S., 2015. "Optimal retirement income tontines," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 91-105.
    14. Bravo, Jorge Miguel & El Mekkaoui de Freitas, Najat, 2018. "Valuation of longevity-linked life annuities," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 212-229.
    15. Dagpunar, John, 2021. "Closed-form solutions for an explicit modern ideal tontine with bequest motive," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 261-273.
    16. Hieber, Peter & Lucas, Nathalie, 2020. "Life-Care Tontines," LIDAM Discussion Papers ISBA 2020026, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    17. Moshe A. Milevsky & Thomas S. Salisbury, 2024. "The Riccati Tontine: How to Satisfy Regulators on Average," Papers 2402.14555, arXiv.org.
    18. Thomas Bernhardt & Ge Qu, 2021. "Wealth heterogeneity in a closed pooled annuity fund," Papers 2110.13467, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2022.
    19. Denuit, Michel & Robert, Christian Y., 2023. "Endowment contingency funds for mutual aid and public financing," LIDAM Discussion Papers ISBA 2023009, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    20. Abdikerimova, Samal & Feng, Runhuan, 2022. "Peer-to-peer multi-risk insurance and mutual aid," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 299(2), pages 735-749.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:arx:papers:1903.05990. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: arXiv administrators (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://arxiv.org/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.