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Analisis del sistema Mexicano de investigacion agropecuaria

Author

Listed:
  • Ekboir, Javier M.
  • Espinosa Garcia, Jose Antonio
  • Espinoza Arellano, Jose de Jesus
  • Moctezuma Lopez, Georgel
  • Naranjo, Alfredo Tapia

Abstract

En la década del 90, el sector agropecuario mexicano generó alrededor del 5% del PBI y el 2.5% de las exportaciones. A pesar de su reducida contribución al PBI, el sector agropecuario tiene una gran importancia económica y social como generador de empleos (un 25% del empleo total), por su influencia sobre el costo de vida, la prevalencia de la pobreza rural (más del 75% de la población pobre y más del 50% de los que viven en pobreza extrema habitan en zonas rurales) y porque las exportaciones agropecuarias constituyen una fuente de ingreso importante para varias regiones, especialmente las zonas irrigadas del norte y centro del país. Desde la década del 70, algunos productores agropecuarios mexicanos, especialmente los que se integraron a cadenas exportadoras, pudieron incorporar tecnologías de punta que han sido la base de su competitividad. Pero, en general, estas tecnologías no fueron desarrolladas por las instituciones públicas de investigación sino que fueron importadas o desarrolladas por empresas privadas mexicanas. Las instituciones públicas de investigación fueron creadas para proporcionar apoyo técnico a las políticas de desarrollo agropecuario. Por esta razón, las autoridades de estas instituciones mantenían contactos fluidos con las dependencias gubernamentales de las que dependían, pero sus interacciones con agricultores y empresas ligadas al sector eran débiles. En general, esta estructura jerárquica se reproducía dentro de las instituciones y en sus relaciones con los agricultores. A partir de la década del 90, México ha hecho un esfuerzo importante para reformar su sistema público de investigación. Los cambios incluyeron nuevos incentivos para los investigadores establecidos por las principales instituciones financiadoras. Sin embargo, las reformas dentro de las propias instituciones han avanzado a paso lento, especialmente los incentivos para incrementar las interacciones con otros agentes dentro del sistema de innovación agropecuario aún no se han adecuado a las necesidades de un sector integrado a la economía mundial.

Suggested Citation

  • Ekboir, Javier M. & Espinosa Garcia, Jose Antonio & Espinoza Arellano, Jose de Jesus & Moctezuma Lopez, Georgel & Naranjo, Alfredo Tapia, 2003. "Analisis del sistema Mexicano de investigacion agropecuaria," Economics Working Papers 7684, CIMMYT: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:cimmew:7684
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.7684
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    References listed on IDEAS

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