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Negative Externalities of Financial Dollarization

Author

Listed:
  • Valida Pantsulaia

    (Financial Stability Analysis and Macro-financial Modeling Division, National Bank of Georgia)

  • Ana Jangveladze

    (Financial Stability Analysis and Macro-financial Modeling Division, National Bank of Georgia)

  • Shalva Mkhatrishvili

    (Head of Macroeconomics and Statistics Department, National Bank of Georgia)

Abstract

Dollarization (usage of a foreign currency in place of a domestic one) is a widely observed phenomenon that historically emerged as a result of extended macro-financial instability and extreme price and nominal exchange rate fluctuations. Complete loss of public confidence in a local currency pushed lenders and borrowers to seek more stable foreign currencies like the US dollar and euro. What is more puzzling though is that in many countries dollarization remained at an elevated level even after taking care of its root cause (i.e. after achieving price stability). There have been several explanations of this phenomenon (the so-called dollarization hysteresis). In this short paper, we propose additional explanations in the form of several dollarization-induced negative externalities, including an amplification of credit procyclicality and exchange rate pass-through or a worsening of credit ratings of dollarized economies. We also offer some back-of-the-envelope calculations showing that these externalities could be economically significant (about 1 pp impact on real GDP growth per year) for a small and highly dollarized country like Georgia. This type of market failures underline the importance of prudential policies that internalize negative externalities and, hence, level the playing field for the local currency.

Suggested Citation

  • Valida Pantsulaia & Ana Jangveladze & Shalva Mkhatrishvili, 2023. "Negative Externalities of Financial Dollarization," NBG Working Papers 01/2023, National Bank of Georgia.
  • Handle: RePEc:aez:wpaper:2023-01
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Eduardo Levy Yeyati, 2006. "Financial dollarization: evaluating the consequences [‘A simple model of monetary policy and currency crises’]," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 21(45), pages 62-118.
    2. Nikola Fabris & Nina Vujanović, 2017. "The Impact of Financial Dollarization on Inflation Targeting: Empirical Evidence from Serbia," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 6(2), pages 23-43.
    3. Husnu C. Dalgic, 2024. "Financial Dollarization In Emerging Markets: An Insurance Arrangement," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 65(3), pages 1189-1219, August.
    4. Husnu C. Dalgic, 2018. "Financial Dollarization in Emerging Markets: An Insurance Arrangement," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series crctr224_051_2018, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany.
    5. Guillermo Felices & Vicente Tuesta, 2013. "Monetary policy in a dual currency environment," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(34), pages 4739-4753, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Financial dollarization; Negative externality;

    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • F34 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Lending and Debt Problems

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