Report NEP-ENV-2024-11-25
This is the archive for NEP-ENV, a report on new working papers in the area of Environmental Economics. Francisco S. Ramos issued this report. It is usually issued weekly.Subscribe to this report: email, RSS, or Mastodon.
Other reports in NEP-ENV
The following items were announced in this report:
- Sirini Jeudy-Hugo & Luca Lo Re & Coline Pouille & Heeweon Hyun, 2024. "Considerations for informing, implementing, and investing in the next nationally determined contributions (NDCs)," OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers 2024/03, OECD Publishing.
- Sarah Gust, 2024. "(Not) Going to School in Times of Climate Change: Natural Disasters and Student Achievement," ifo Working Paper Series 413, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich.
- Trung V. Vu, 2024. "Barriers to the Cross-Border Diffusion of Climate Change Policies," CAMA Working Papers 2024-66, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
- Bell, Karen & Hickel, Jason & Arbon, Rob & Zoomkawala, Huzaifa, 2023. "Which direction for sustainable development? A time series comparison of the impacts of redistributive versus market policies in Bolivia and South Korea," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 125896, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Aleksandrova, Mariya & Banerjee, Aparajita & da Cunha, Marcelo Inácio & Rodríguez de Francisco, Jean Carlo & Brüntrup, Michael & Malerba, Daniele, 2024. "Fostering justice across the Rio Conventions: Emerging levers for cooperation and coordination," IDOS Policy Briefs 31/2024, German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), Bonn.
- Abeliansky, Ana Lucia & Prettner, Klaus & Rodriguez-Crespo, Ernesto, 2024. "Climate change and automation: the emission effects of robot adoption," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 370, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
- Ana Abeliansky & Klaus Prettner & Ernesto Rodríguez Crespo, 2024. "Climate change and automation: the emission effects of robot adoption," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp370, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
- Jose A Scheinkman, "undated". "Carbon prices and reforestation in tropical forest," BIS Working Papers 1223, Bank for International Settlements.
- Ivey, Cesunica & Nguyen, Alexander & Xu, Ruifeng & Hao, Peng & Barth, Matthew, 2022. "Hyperlocal Monitoring of Traffic-Related Air Pollution to Assess Near-Term Impacts of Sustainable Transportation Interventions," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt1wb0p4rk, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
- Bénédicte Coestier & Mathieu Bernard & Fabienne Llense & Maxime Lucet, 2024. "Environmental and climate mandatory disclosure : a paper tiger ? Evidence from France," EconomiX Working Papers 2024-32, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
- Josué, ANDRIANADY & RAVELOSON, Rojo Armel, 2024. "L’environnement du point de vue des économistes [The Environment from the Economists' Perspective: A Literature Review]," MPRA Paper 122266, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Hastreiter, Nikolaus, 2024. "Can investor coalitions drive corporate climate action?," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 125852, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Suphi Sen & Serhan Sadikoglu & Changjing Ji & Edwin van der Werf, 2024. "The Effectiveness of Carbon Pricing: A Global Evaluation," CESifo Working Paper Series 11291, CESifo.
- Rabi Mohtar, 2023. "Financing Climate Action: Equity Challenges and Practical Solutions," Policy briefs on Commodities & Energy 2312, Policy Center for the New South.
- Yves Jégourel, 2015. "Matières premières: une nouvelle ère," Policy briefs on Commodities & Energy 1515, Policy Center for the New South.
- Batsukh, Daginnas & Tao, Jill Leslie & Puntsagnamjil, Mend-Amgalan, 2024. "Shaping City Greening Policies: Exploring Environmental Concerns Across Different Generations in Darkhan-Uul, Mongolia," OSF Preprints eux56, Center for Open Science.
- Fernandez-Bou, Angel Santiago & Rodriguez-Flores, Jose M. & Ortiz-Partida, J. Pablo & Fencl, Amanda & Classen-Rodriguez, Leticia & Yang, Vivian & Williams, Emily & Schull, Val Zayden & Dobbin, Kristin, 2024. "Cropland repurposing as a tool for water sustainability and a just socioenvironmental transition in California: Review and Best Practices," OSF Preprints bvfsm, Center for Open Science.
- Rabi Mohtar, 2023. "Financing Climate Action: Equity Challenges and Practical Solutions," Policy briefs on Economic Trends and Policies 2321, Policy Center for the New South.
- Rim Berahab, 2024. "From Theory to Practice: Making Carbon Pricing Work," Research papers & Policy papers on Economic Trends and Policies 2438, Policy Center for the New South.
- Gaël Mariani & Fabien Moullec & Trisha B Atwood & Beverley Clarkson & Richard T Conant & Leanne Cullen-Unsworth & Bronson Griscom & Julian Gutt & Jennifer Howard & Dorte Krause- Jensen & Sara M Leavit, 2024. "Co-benefits and trade-offs between Natural Climate Solutions and Sustainable Development Goals," Post-Print hal-04756965, HAL.
- Benjamin Chipperfield & Paulo Santos & Carly Cook, 2024. "Valuing biodiversity in freshwater fisheries: Evidence from Laos," Monash Economics Working Papers 2024-18, Monash University, Department of Economics.
- Anthony R. Harding & Juan Moreno-Cruz, 2024. "Watts and Bots: The Energy Implications of AI Adoption," CESifo Working Paper Series 11360, CESifo.
- Emanuela Benincasa & Olimpia Carradori & Miguel A. Ferreira & Emilia Garcia-Appendini, 2024. "Rewiring Supply Chains Through Uncoordinated Climate Policy," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series 24-56, Swiss Finance Institute.
- Savin, Ivan & Mundt, Philipp & Bellanca, Margherita, 2024. "The paradox of climate policy diffusion," BERG Working Paper Series 196, Bamberg University, Bamberg Economic Research Group.
- Peñaloza-Pacheco, Leonardo & Triantafyllou, Vaios & Martínez, Gonzalo, 2023. "The non-green effects of “going green”: Local environmental and economic consequences of lithium extraction in Chile," Research Department working papers 2173, CAF Development Bank Of Latinamerica.
- Prachi Srivastava & Nicholas Bloom & Philip Bunn & Paul Mizen & Gregory Thwaites & Ivan Yotzov, 2024. "Firm Climate Investment: A Glass Half-Full," NBER Working Papers 33081, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Hafez Ghanem, 2023. "The World Needs a Green Bank," Policy briefs on Commodities & Energy 2306, Policy Center for the New South.
- Badenhoop, Nikolai & Riedel, Max, 2024. "Reforming EU car labels: How to achieve consumer-friendly transparency?," SAFE Working Paper Series 433, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
- T. Chamarande & B. Hingray & Sandrine Mathy, 2024. "Carbon footprint of solar based mini-grids in Africa: Drivers and levers for reduction," Post-Print hal-04721670, HAL.
- Rim Berahab, 2023. "Navigating the CBAM Transitional Period: Understanding the Latest Developments, and Enhancing Preparedness," Policy briefs on Commodities & Energy 2316, Policy Center for the New South.
- Ornella Tarola & Emmanuelle Taugourdeau, 2024. "Does leadership in policy setting reduce pollution and make countries better off?," Working Papers 2024-11, Center for Research in Economics and Statistics.
- Pañeda-Fernández, Irene & Meierrieks, Daniel, 2024. "Exposure to climate disasters and individual migration aspirations: Evidence from Senegal and the Gambia," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Migration, Integration, Transnationalization SP VI 2024-101, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
- Gutiérrez - Meave, Raúl & Núñez, Héctor & Rosellón, Juan, 2024. "The Economic Effects of an Accelerated Electrification and Decarbonization Process in Latin America," Research Department working papers 2252, CAF Development Bank Of Latinamerica.
- Rim Berahab, 2024. "Beyond the Energy Crossroads: Deciphering Key Trends and Charting the Path in 2024," Policy briefs on Commodities & Energy 2402, Policy Center for the New South.
- Rabi Mohtar, 2024. "Systems Approach to Sustainable Development: Lessons from the Water Sector," Research papers & Policy papers on Economic Trends and Policies 2402, Policy Center for the New South.
- Brauch, Martin Dietrich & Mayr, Stefan & Luthin, Carl Frederick, 2024. "After intra-EU BITs and the ECT, the EU needs to abandon extra-EU BITs: For legal, energy and climate policy, and political economy reasons," Columbia FDI Perspectives 394, Columbia University, Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment (CCSI).
- Afaf Zarkik, 2022. "COP27: A Brief Account of Contemporary Climate Adaptation and Mitigation Policies, a View from the South," Policy briefs on Commodities & Energy 2221, Policy Center for the New South.
- Rabi Mohtar, 2024. "Systems Approach to Sustainable Development: Lessons from the Water Sector," Policy briefs on Commodities & Energy 2401, Policy Center for the New South.
- Te Li & Mengze Zhang & Yan Zhou, 2024. "LTPNet Integration of Deep Learning and Environmental Decision Support Systems for Renewable Energy Demand Forecasting," Papers 2410.15286, arXiv.org.
- Joseph E. Aldy, 2024. "How Big is the “Biggest Climate Spending Bill Ever?” Key Factors Influencing the Inflation Reduction Act’s Clean Energy Impacts," NBER Working Papers 33092, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Gregor Schwerhoff & Mouhamadou Sy, 2024. "Following the Money: Who is Keeping Coal Alive?," IMF Working Papers 2024/228, International Monetary Fund.
- Lohmann, Paul M & Gsottbauer, Elisabeth & Farrington, James & Human, Steve & Reisch, Lucia A, 2024. "Choice architecture promotes sustainable choices in online food-delivery apps," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 125835, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Dahl, Hauke & Jacobs-Mata, Inga, 2023. "The stability-and-peace accelerator: an overview. Paper presented [Presentation and abstract] at the Tropentag 2023 Conference on Competing Pathways for Equitable Food Systems Transformation: Trade-of," Conference Papers h052493, International Water Management Institute.
- Sarah Spycher, 2024. "Elections and Political Polarisation: Challenges for Environmental Agreements," Working Papers wp1196, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna.
- Bonga-Bonga, Lumengo & Kirsten, Frederich, 2024. "Renewable energy generation and financial market dynamics in Europe: a disaggregated approach," MPRA Paper 122461, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Claes, Ek & Söderberg, Magnus & Kataria, Mitesh, 2024. "Can teaching children about the environment influence household behavior? Experiments in Swedish schools," Working Papers in Economics 848, University of Gothenburg, Department of Economics, revised 14 Nov 2024.
- Massimo Filippini & Markus Leippold & Tobias Wekhof, 2024. "The Impact of Sustainable Finance Literacy on Investment Decisions," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series 24-57, Swiss Finance Institute.
- Simone M Cuiabano, 2024. "Demand for Ethanol Considering Spatially Differentiated Fuel Retailers," IMF Working Papers 2024/231, International Monetary Fund.
- Yikai Zhao & Jun Nagayasu & Xinyi Geng, 2024. "Measuring Climate Policy Uncertainty with LLMs: New Insights into Corporate Bond Credit Spreads," DSSR Discussion Papers 143, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University.
- Jonathan Colmer & Suvy Qin & John Voorheis & Reed Walker, 2024. "Income, Wealth, and Environmental Inequality in the United States," Working Papers 24-57, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
- Anke Kessler and Bard Harstad, 2024. "Present Bias in Politics and Self–Committing Treaties," Discussion Papers dp24-08, Department of Economics, Simon Fraser University.
- Kapoor, Shreya & Sma, Abdelkarim & Pathak, Himanshu & Pradhan, Mamata, 2024. "Farming for the future: Prioritization of climate-smart agriculture technologies in SAARC countries," IFPRI discussion papers 2285, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- D'Agosti, Natalia & Danza, Facundo, 2023. "The Impact of Solar Panel Installation on Electricity Consumption and Production," Research Department working papers 2164, CAF Development Bank Of Latinamerica.
- Gopinath, Munisamy & Varma, Poornima & Steinbach, Sandro, 2024. "Regional Integration, Sustainability and Food Security in South Asia," Policy Briefs 347897, International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium.
- Frauke Wiese & Nicolas Taillard & Emile Balembois & Benjamin Best & Stephane Bourgeois & José Campos & Luisa Cordroch & Mathilde Djelali & Alexandre Gabert & Adrien Jacob & Elliott Johnson & Sébastien, 2024. "The key role of sufficiency for low demand-based carbon neutrality and energy security across Europe," Post-Print hal-04747574, HAL.
- Julien Gourdon & Hugo Lapeyronie, 2024. "Le potentiel minier de l’Afrique : Panorama, enjeux et défis," Post-Print hal-04741999, HAL.
- Jonathan Cognard & Lucas Berard-Chenu & Yves Schaeffer & Hugues François, 2024. "The snow must go on: can snowmaking keep ski resorts profitable in a changing climate?," Post-Print hal-04746652, HAL.
- Andrea La Nauze & Lana Friesen & Kai Li Lim & Flavio Menezes & Lionel Page & Thara Philip & Jake Whitehead, 2024. "Can Electric Vehicles Aid the Renewable Transition? Evidence from a Field Experiment Incentivising Midday Charging," CESifo Working Paper Series 11386, CESifo.
- -, 2024. "Biodiversidad y desarrollo: reflexiones desde América Latina y el Caribe," Documentos de Proyectos 80754, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
- Zaw Oo & Ngu Wah Win, 2024. "Blue Economy in Myanmar," Working Papers PB-2023-14, Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA).
- Xinming Du & Shan Zhang & Eric Zou, 2024. "Marine Microplastics and Infant Health," NBER Working Papers 33094, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Francis Perrin, 2023. "L’Afrique n’entend pas renoncer aux hydrocarbures," Policy briefs on Commodities & Energy 2317, Policy Center for the New South.
- Francis Perrin, 2023. "L’Afrique n’entend pas renoncer aux hydrocarbures," Research papers & Policy papers on Economic Trends and Policies 2333, Policy Center for the New South.
- Rabi Mohtar, 2023. "Systems approach to water management," Policy briefs on Commodities & Energy 2308, Policy Center for the New South.
- Miguel Vazquez & Otaviano Canuto, 2024. "Optimizing Value for Public Investment Instruments in Low-carbon Hydrogen Industries," Research papers & Policy papers on Economic Trends and Policies 2409, Policy Center for the New South.
- Mina Baliamoune, 2024. "Trade and the Persistence of the MENA ‘Gender Equality Paradox’," Research papers & Policy papers on Economic Trends and Policies 2406, Policy Center for the New South.
- Alahacoon, Niranga & Amarnath, Giriraj & Gnanatheepan, W., 2023. "National Workshop on Anticipatory Action for Disaster Mitigation in Sri Lanka. Proceedings of the National Stakeholder Workshop on Anticipatory Action for Disaster Mitigation in Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sr," Conference Proceedings h052498, International Water Management Institute.
- Deepak Mishra & Tanu Goyal & Havishaye Puri, 2024. "MDB Reforms in the Slow Lane: Findings from a Global Survey of Experts, 2024," Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) Report 24-r-06, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), New Delhi, India.
- Taneja, Garima & Negi, U. & Shukla, S. & Joshi, T. & Neog, K. & Katyaini, S. & Mitra, Archisman & Bhattacharjee, Suchiradipta & Bassi, N. & Verma, Shilp, 2023. "Proceedings of the State-level Consultation Workshop on Policy Coherence in the Food, Land, and Water Systems: Case Study of Odisha, India, Odisha, India, 14 December 2023," Conference Proceedings h052667, International Water Management Institute.
- Harouna Kinda & Edouard Mien, 2024. "Does EITI prevent the natural resource curse in financial development? [L'ITIE empêche-t-elle la malédiction des ressources naturelles dans le développement financier ?]," Post-Print hal-04746325, HAL.
- Wehner, Jasmin & Yu, Xiaohua, 2024. "Drivers Of The Global Thirst For Milk," Sustainable Food Systems Discussion Papers 347737, Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development.
- Stéphanie Truchet-Aznar & Chloé Duvivier & Jacques Veslot, 2024. "Assessing the impact of fare-free public transport on ridership. The case of Clermont Auvergne Metropole [Évaluation de l’impact de la gratuité des transports en commun sur leur fréquentation. Appl," Post-Print hal-04747019, HAL.
- Qu, Chunzi & Bang, Rasmus Noss, 2024. "European Grid Development Modeling and Analysis: Established Frameworks, Research Trends, and Future Opportunities," Discussion Papers 2024/11, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science.
- Francis Perrin, 2023. "COP28 et énergies fossiles : le bal des hypocrites," Policy briefs on Commodities & Energy 2321, Policy Center for the New South.
- Diogo Baerlocher & Gustavo Cortes & Vinicios Sant'Anna, 2024. "Finding Home When Disaster Strikes: Dust Bowl Migration and Housing in Los Angeles," Working Papers 2024-05, University of South Florida, Department of Economics.
- Arnita Rishanty & Donni Fajar Anugrah & Dian Rahmawati, 2023. "Coal Phase-Out: Socioeconomic Impact In Achieving Just Energy Transition In Indonesia," Working Papers WP/04/2023, Bank Indonesia.
- Hernandez-Cortes, Danae & Mathes, Sophie, 2024. "The Effects of Renewable Energy Projects on Employment: Evidence from Brazil," Research Department working papers 2201, CAF Development Bank Of Latinamerica.
- Rémi Beulque & Helen Micheaux & Marcus Bergmann, 2024. "Policy Instruments to Upscale Electronic Products Repair Business Models. A Financial Approach," Post-Print hal-04642945, HAL.
- Andres, Pia, 2024. "Adapting to competition: solar PV innovation in Europe and the impact of the 'China shock'," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 125249, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Nie, Rong & Song, Jinbo & Carneiro, Juliana, 2024. "Does emissions data disclosure of Waste-to-Energy incineration plants mitigate NIMBYism concerns? Evidence from the housing market," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 1527, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
- Carroll, James & Denny, Eleanor & Lyons, Ronan C. & Petrov, Ivan, 2024. "Better energy cost information changes household property investment decisions: Evidence from a nationwide experiment," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 125663, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Boukaka, Sedi Anne & Azzarri, Carlo & Davis, Kristin E. & Dao, The Anh & Vu, Dang Toan, 2024. "Healthy planet, healthy people: Nature-positive contributions to food and nutrition security in Viet Nam," CGIAR Initative Publications Nature-Positive Solutions, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Idriss Fontaine & Sabine Garabedian & Hélène Vérèmes, 2024. "Tropical cyclones and fertility: New evidence from developing countries," Post-Print hal-04717646, HAL.
- Mariza Montes de Oca Leon & Achim Hagen & Franziska Holz, 2024. "The Political Economy of Fossil Fuel Subsidy Removal: Evidence from Bolivia and Mexico," IMF Working Papers 2024/230, International Monetary Fund.
- Patrick Guillaumont & Sylviane Guillaumont Jeanneney, 2024. "Assessing “Aid Selectivity” by Considering the Vulnerability of Countries," Post-Print hal-04746983, HAL.
- Arpita Mukherjee & Ketaki Gaikwad & Anushka Pal, 2024. "Sustainable Food Systems and India's Trade Agreements," Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) Policy Paper 25, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), New Delhi, India.
- Sébastien Brion & Nathalie Fabbe-Costes, 2024. "The urgent need for an alternative approach to innovation: Outlining some basic principles for more sustainable innovation [L'urgence d'une conception alternative de l'innovation : Esquisse de quel," Post-Print hal-04755778, HAL.
- Roxana Dumitrescu & Redouane Silvente & Peter Tankov, 2024. "Price impact and long-term profitability of energy storage," Papers 2410.12495, arXiv.org.
- Kreitmeir, David Hajo, 2024. "The Political Economy of Socioenvironmental Conflict: Evidence from Peru," SocArXiv e7avt, Center for Open Science.
- Meltem Chadwick & Hulya Saygili, 2024. "Temperature, precipitation and food price inflation: Evidence from a panel of countries," Working Papers wp55, South East Asian Central Banks (SEACEN) Research and Training Centre.
- Hamza Mjahed, 2023. "The North Sea: Europe’s Energy Powerhouse," Policy briefs on Commodities & Energy 2309, Policy Center for the New South.
- Hamza Mjahed, 2023. "The North Sea: Europe’s Energy Powerhouse," Policy briefs on Economic Trends and Policies 2305, Policy Center for the New South.
- Adi Nugraha & Raphael Paut & Ari Ganjar Herdiansah & Susanti Withaningsih & Parikesit Parikesit & Oekan S Abdoellah, 2024. "Economic hurdles, social gains: unveiling the true motivations behind urban farming," Post-Print hal-04728228, HAL.
- Alves, Guillermo & Lurgo, Facundo, 2023. "Medición de las necesidades refrigeración y calefacción en América Latina y el Caribe," Research Department working papers 2189, CAF Development Bank Of Latinamerica.
- Mercadal, Ignacia, 2023. "Desafíos regulatorios en la incorporación de energías renovables," Research Department working papers 2254, CAF Development Bank Of Latinamerica.
- Rim Berahab, 2023. "Tendances et perspectives énergétiques à l’horizon 2023 : survivre à la crise énergétique tout en construisant un avenir plus vert," Policy briefs on Commodities & Energy 2303, Policy Center for the New South.
- Rim Berahab, 2023. "Tendances et perspectives énergétiques à l’horizon 2023 : survivre à la crise énergétique tout en construisant un avenir plus vert," Policy briefs on Economic Trends and Policies 2302, Policy Center for the New South.
- Alberto Montagnoli & Karl Taylor, 2024. "Who Cares about Investing Responsibly? Attitudes and Financial Decisions," Working Papers 2024010, The University of Sheffield, Department of Economics.
- Corona, Sara, 2024. "Contested landscapes in Sardinia: heritage and ethnic identity under Italian green resource nationalism," Thesis Commons zgpsq, Center for Open Science.
- McRae, Shaun D & Wolak, Frank A, 2024. "Electricity Pricing and the Energy Transition for Residential and Non-Residential Consumers," Research Department working papers 2266, CAF Development Bank Of Latinamerica.
- Ajayi, Victor & Andrew Burlinson, Andrew & Giulietti, Monica & Waterson, Michael, 2024. "The impact of the energy price crisis on GB consumers : a difference-in-difference experiment," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 1523, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
- Lin, Yang & Thackway, William & Soundararaj, Balamurugan & Eagleson, Serryn & Han, Hoon & Pettit, Christopher, 2024. "Transforming Urban Planning through Machine Learning: A Study on Planning Application Classification using Natural Language Processing," OSF Preprints fs76e, Center for Open Science.
- -, 2024. "Ruta para la implementación del Acuerdo Regional sobre el Acceso a la Información, la Participación Pública y el Acceso a la Justicia en Asuntos Ambientales en América Latina y el Caribe, Uruguay," Documentos de Proyectos 80838, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).